78 PROCEEDINGS OP THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 



short and erect very closely flowered spikes, an entirely staminate terminal 

 spike, and bracts possessing purple or black auricles at their base. — Species 

 ranging from six to eighteen inclies high, rarely higher. The typical form 

 of C. vuhjaris may be taken as the type of the group. 



» Stigmas three, or in C. heteroneura perhaps often two. 



55. Carex bifida, Boott ; Olney in Proc. Am. Acad, vii. 394. 

 Much like C. Buxbaumii. Culm two or three feet high, sharply 



angled, smooth or nearly so : leaves two lines broad, pale, mostly 

 shorter than the culm : bracts narrow, sheathless, the lowest leaf-like 

 and exceeding the culm: pistillate spikes two to five, very short and 

 thick (usually about a half-inch long), sessile and contiguous, some- 

 what glaucous : perigynium triangular-ovate, pale green, punctate, 

 conspicuously nerved, the orifice cleft and the teeth ciliate, longer and 

 broader than the purple white-ribbed, obtuse or muticous scale. Ter- 

 minal spike rarely bearing a few pistillate flowers above. — California: 

 Salinas Valley, in rather dry soil, Brewer 574 ; Pacheco Pass, Santa 

 Clara Co., Bolander 4837 ; Red Mountains, Humboldt Co., Bolander 

 6476; Yreka Co., E. L. Greene. 



56. Carex heteroneura, W. Boott, Bot. Calif, ii. 239o 



Culm slender but erect, nearly two feet high, sharply angled, sca- 

 brous or smooth : leaves narrow (two lines or less broad), flat, shorter 

 than the stem : lower bract leaf-like, nearly as long as the culm, 

 sheathless : pistillate spikes small (about a half-inch long and three 

 lines or less broad), sessile or the lower ones on very short peduncles, 

 more or less contiguous, whitish or yellowish : perigynium oval, 

 smooth, straw-colored, few-nerved or nerveless, thin in texture, pro- 

 duced abruptly into a very short beak which is slightly emarginate, 

 longer and broader than the obtuse or muticous purple white-ribbed 

 scale. If the terminal spike were androgynous the species would 

 •strongly resemble C. atrata, var. erecta, although the perigynia are 

 narrower and not so flat as in that variety. Variable in the nerving of 

 the perigynia, — California, in the Sierras, Bolander; from Lake Talioe 

 to Bear River, Kellogg ; Co3ur d'Alene Lake, N. Idaho, Watson 437. 



57. Carex Raynoldsii, Dewey, Sill. Journ. xxxii. 39. 



C. Lyallii, Boott, 111. 150, t. 483. 

 Named for Capt. W, F. Raynolds, of an early government explor- 

 ing expedition. — Mountains from Wyoming and Montana to Cali- 

 fornia and Washington Territory. 



58. Carex Parryana, Dewey, Sill. Journ. xxviii. 239. 



C. arctica, Dewey, 1. c. 



a Hallii, Olney, Hayden's Rep. 1871, 496. 



