OF AETS AND SCIENCES. 119 



Canhy ; North Carolina, Hunter; Georgia, Chapman; Houston, 

 Texas, Hall ; Ohio and Michigan to Nebraska, Bruhin (St. Helena), 

 and northward through Iowa to the Great Plains of British America, 

 Macoun. Evidently rare east of New York. 



172. Carex livida, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 285. 



C. Umosa, var. livida, Wahl. Kongl. Acad. Haudl. xxiv. 162. 

 G. Grayana, Dewey, Sill. Journ. xxv. 141. 



C. livida, var. radicalis, Paine ; Dewey in Sill. Journ. 2d ser. xli. 



329. 



Peat bogs and pine barrens from New Jersey and New York to 



Labrador and Lake Superior and high northward ; Alaska ; also at 



Mendocino City, California, Bolander, according to W. Boott. Europe. 



D. Bicolores, Tuckerman, Enum. Meth. 12. Small species with a beakless, more 

 or less round or pyriform perigynium, which is commonly glaucous ; terminal 

 spike androgynous or all staminate. 



173. Carex aurea, Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. PI. ii. 205. 

 C. mutica, R. Br. Frank. Narr. App. 763. 



G. pyriformis, Schwein. An. Tab. 



G. aurea, var. androgyna, Olney, Exsicc. fasc. i. no. 15. 

 C. concinna, Olney, Bot. King's Report, 372, as to Watson's 

 specimens. 

 Variable. — Throughout the continent from Pennsylvania and Utah 

 northward. 



174. Carex bicolor, Allioni, Fl. Ped. ii. 267. 



Differs from the last in its somewhat larger size, glaucous appear- 

 ance, white-nerved scales which do not cover the white perigynia, 

 beakless perigynia, and shorter, broader leaves. Closely resembles 

 small and androgynous forms of G. aurea, from which it is easily dis- 

 tinguished by the compressed perigynia, which are not fleshy, and the 

 dark white-nerved scale. — Greenland and Labrador according to Dr. 

 Boott. Mountains of Europe. 



175. Carex rufina, Drejer, Rev. Crit. Car. 28. 



Very densely cespitose : culra short (one to four inches high), often 

 curved, surpassed by the leaves : spikes four or five, approximate, 

 oblong or elliptic, the terminal androgynous, staminate at the base : 

 lowest bract much surpassing tlie culm : perigynium obovate, stipitate, 

 short-beaked, covered by the uniformly colored reddish scale : stigmas 

 two. — Greenland, Vahl. Norway. 



E. Z)('^('<afcB, Fries, Corp. 187. Low species witli ordinary leaves ; sheaths mem- 

 branaceous or hyaline and colored, either not prolonged into a bract or the 



