1899O Wolfk. — Migratory Butterflies in South-west Cork. 219 



On July 30th I saw about a dozen C. cdusa, some worn, 

 others apparently quite fresh, doubtless descendants of June 

 migrants. I captured a fresh male and a worn one, and a 

 fresh female, and confined them on the morning of July 31st 

 by four panes of glass and gauze tied on top, over some short 

 Red Clover in sunshine, putting in a bunch of wild flowers 

 in water. On the following morning there were several eggs 

 on the clover and the worn male was dead, and on the 

 morning of August 3rd the second male was dead, and there 

 were many eggs scattered over upper surfaces of clover leaves — 

 two on a vetch spray put with flowers and at least one on 

 grass near the clover. I then liberated the female. 



On the morning of August 7th many young larvae were 

 out, and all the eggs had hatched on the following morning. 

 Duration in the egg stage is, therefore, but five or six days 

 in fine weather and sunshine. The young larvae were not, 

 however, nearly as numerous in a day or two as the eggs 

 had been, so I removed all I could find to four glasses, some 

 of which I kept indoors and some out, and fed some on Red 

 Clover and some on Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus). 

 Five, which were fed on the latter indoors, in a north window, 

 grew most rapidly. One of them, always considerably in 

 advance of all the others, pupated on September 9th, after 

 two days' suspension, during which it hung with its back very 

 much arched, thus making the suspending band unusually 

 long. As the wing cases are now remarkably broad the long 

 band appears necessary. One other is now (September 12th) 

 suspended for its change, and five or six seem full grown, 

 while others in the same glasses are not yet more than half 

 the size. This variation in rate of growth (probably increased 

 in nature, where conditions of situation and food might vary 

 much), doubtless accounts for C. cdusa s long presence with 

 us, as it seems not a long-lived butterfly. All through August 

 I saw a few wherever I went, especially near the sea, but 

 towards its close the}' were getting scarcer, and I saw the 

 last, I think, of that generation on September 5th. To-day I 

 saw a fresh specimen, the first of the new brood I take it, and 

 as larvae are doubtless now plentiful I expect an abundance 

 of the beautiful butterflies up to the middle of October, if the 

 weather continues fine, and the nights not frosty. 



