THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147 



essential character the two insects are alike. The Bow Valley material 

 has been determined as Mandan. If it is Mandan, then a fortiori it is 

 also Palcemon, for it is closer to Palcemon of Germany than to the 

 Mandan of eastern North America Arranging the entire series accord- 

 ing to affinity of variation, the Nepigon specimen goes to one extreme, 

 next in order follow the two Finland Palcemon, then two of the Palcemon 

 from Germany, and a number of the Bow Valley Mandan. Nearly all 

 the remaining Bow Valley Mandan range still further away by an 

 increasing size and boldness (conspicuousness) of the fulvous spots above 

 primary, these spots being in some specimens so enlarged as to replace 

 almost entirely the dark brown of general surface. The two Paloemon 

 $ s from Switzerland, two of the German Palcemon and a small section 

 of the Bow Valley AT an dan $ s follow a line of variation somewhat 

 diverse from what is seen in the major part of the series, but without 

 special bearing on the main question, except as farther illustrating the 

 fact that Mandan is more ready to break ranks than is consistent with 

 due respect to " the authorities." In one particular, all the North 

 Americans examined are alike — the spots under hind wing are clear in 

 colour and distinctly in contrast to the ground colour. Part of the 

 Europeans agree with the North American specimens in this, and the 

 others have the spots suffused with dull yellow as in Carterocephalus 

 silvius. The description of Mandan in Fernald's " Butterflies of Maine," 

 indicates that the Maine Mandan is practically like that of Nepigon, and 

 that the spots below hind wing are clear in colour ; the description in 

 general covers Palcemon equally with Mandan. Mr.W. H. Edwards, in 

 his description of Stereoptes skada, mentions that the spots below hind 

 wing, except the outer rows, were of a yellowish tint. Mr. S. H. Scudder 

 describes the spots beneath hind wing of Hezperia mesapano as " very large 

 silvery white spots " ; in the Laggan specimens the colour is a pale buff, 

 scarcely white in any. 



Mandan in the greater part of its range seems to be extremely rare. 

 A few captures have been recorded, made in New England and at various 

 localities in the Province of Quebec, with one or more in Alaska and 

 Labrador. It appears to have been found in frequency only in two dis- 

 tricts — the region between Hudson Bay and Lake Superior, and the Bow 

 Valley. Mr. James Fletcher's records for Nepigon are well known. Mr. 

 J. Jenner Weir, in The Entomologist, writing of lepidoptera collected 

 chiefly at Moose, on south coast of Hudson Bay, makes this record :— 



