OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 399 



trees, dead wood, and rocks. Pennsylvania, Muhlenberg. Arctic Amer- 

 ica (P. cycloselis), Richardson (Hook, in Frankl. Narr. p. 761). New 

 York, Halsey. New England to Virginia, common. Ohio, Mr. Lea. 

 Wisconsin, Mr. Lapham. North Carolina, Rev. Dr. Curtis. South 

 Carolina, 3Ir. Ravenel. Mississippi, Dr. Veitch. Louisiana, Dr. Hale. 

 Texas, Mr. Wright. Very variable. P. ulothrix, Ach. is perhaps the 

 most perfect condition of the Lichen, which hardly occurs here without 

 more or less ciliate apothecia, while the ciliation of the lobes appears 

 to be unreliable as a distinction. The present variety includes all our 

 most' perfect states of the species, and I have equally fine specimens of 

 the same variety, from Sweden (^Mr. Torssell), and the finest possible, 

 in all respects, from Japan (U. S. N. Pacif. Expl. Exp.), Mr. Wright: 

 but in the South of Europe the Lichen appears to degenerate, and 

 Schajrer distinguishes (Spicil. 1. c.) the present from P. cycloselis, Ach., 

 "omnium partium minutie." I have collected in New England and 

 New York a large, glaucescent state of this (as I confidently consider 

 it), with proportionately Avider lobes, densely pannose-fibrillose beneath, 

 and the black, tomentose hairs showing also at the margins, — which 

 may well be Parmelia setosa, Ach. Syn. p. 203. There is also, in our 

 mountains, a greenish-glaucous state, with largish, bright-chestnut apo- 

 thecia (commonly ciliate at the base) which might be passed by for 

 Parmelia tiliacea. The following varieties are still more remarkable. 



Var. )3. ERYTHROCARDiA : strato medullar! aurantiaco-rubro. Par- 

 melia stuppea, Tayl. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. G, p. 175. P. endo- 

 coccina, Koerb. Parei-g. Lich. 1, p. 36, e descr. On trees. California, 

 Beechey, Herb. Hook. (Taylor, 1. c). New England, common, and Avith 

 the lobes and apothecia of the type. Mountains of Georgia, Mr. Ra- 

 venel ; less ciliate, and the apothecia scarcely so. Does not appear 

 to differ from the type, except in the internal color. Dr. Koerber's 

 Lichen, from the Tyrol, can scarcely differ from ours. 



Var. y. ADGLUTiNATA, Sch^r. : arete adnata, membranacea, glauco- 

 fuscescens ; lobis demum confluentibus margine phcatis apicibus nigre- 

 scentibus subtus pallidis. Parmelia adglutinata, Floerk. D. L. 4, 

 p. 7 ; Moug. & Nestl. Cr. Vog. n. 543. P. ohscura, y. ^adglutinata, 

 Schjer. Spicil. p. 442 ; Nyl. (sub Physcia) Prodr. Gall. p. 63 ; Lich. 

 Par. n. 33. On trees (Hickory, Red Cedar, &c.), Massachusetts. 

 Pennsylvania, Dr. Michener. North Carolina, Rev. Dr. Curtis. South 

 Carolina, il/r. Ravenel. Louisiana, Dr. Hale. Texas, Mr. Wright. 



