OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 227 



fessor of Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and Minei'alogy 

 in Bowdoin College, the whole duties of which chair he performed until 

 the year 1828, when he was relieved from the Mathematics, and with 

 this exception until the year of his death, a period of more than half a 

 century. Although somewhat later in the field than Maclure, Gibbs, 

 and Silliraan, and although he gave place in later years to Shepard 

 and Dana, yet Professor Cleaveland may well be called the father of 

 American Mineralogy. His celebrated Treatise on Mineralogy and 

 Geology, published in 1816, and in a second and enlarged edition in 

 1822, gave a great impulse to the study of those sciences in this coun- 

 try, and made for him a deservedly high reputation, both at home and 

 abroad. That he did not follow up a career of such promise by the 

 original researches and authorship for which his talents and his great 

 and various knowledge eminently fitted him, must be explained by his 

 devotion to the immediate interests of the institution with which he 

 was identified almost from its foundation, and by his conscientious ab- 

 sorption in the duties of his triple or quadruple professorial office, each 

 department of which he is known to have filled w'ith signal ability 

 and faithfulness. Something may also be attributed to his tempera- 

 ment, and to his singularly stationary habits. He is said never to 

 have entered a railroad carriage, and rarely any other vehicular con- 

 veyance. 



Considering that Professor Cleaveland made no appearance before 

 the public during the last thirty years, it may be noted to the credit 

 for discernment of the officers of the Smithsonian Institution, and as 

 a just recognition of the services of a pioneer in American science, 

 that our lamented associate was chosen one of the first and very few 

 honorary members of that Institution. 



The four names which now disappear from the list of our surviving 

 Foreign Honorary Members represent so many great lights of science 

 lately extinguished ; two of them, Miiller and Johnson, ere they had 

 attained their full meridian. 



Johannes Muller, who was perhaps universally regarded as the 

 most eminent physiologist of the present era, died on the 28th of April, 

 1858, therefore nearly a month before our last anniversary ; but the 

 melancholy tidings had not then reachisd us. Though old in fame, he 

 was still comparatively young in years, having barely reached the age 

 of fifty-seven. 



