OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 391 



cantibus ; apotheciis subsessilibus disco subnudo margine thallino cre- 

 niilato mox pulverulento. Spora? speciei. Parmelia granulifera, Ach. 

 Syn. p. 212. On trunks and rocks. Pennsylvania, fertile, Muldenherg. 

 Frederick County, Maryland, infertile. South Carolina, in the low 

 country, abundantly fertile, 3L\ Eavenel. Louisiana, fertile. Dr. Hale. 

 Texas, fertile, Mr. Wrigld. I have specimens compared by me with 

 one from Muhlenberg (from whom Acharius had the Lichen) in Herb. 

 Willd. It is a Southern form, and occurs, covered with apothecia, on 

 the low islands of the coast of South Carolina, while the typical form 

 prefers the mountains, southward, and is rarely fertile. The original 

 plant of Acharius is distinguished by its flatter, less divided lobules, 

 the margins of which are not raised, powdery, or ciliate. A state of 

 this evidently recedes towards P. stellaris, with which species it also 

 agrees in its nearly entire, glaucous-pruinose apothecia. But the Lichen 

 varies into a form (exactly P. granulifera, Meissn., from Brazil, in 

 Herb. Kunz.) well represented by the Carolina Lichen, which only 

 differs from the type in its shorter, wider, less discrete, and less di- 

 vided lobes, with margins somewhat minutely notched and powdery ; 

 and in its entirely smooth, and at length nigrescent underside. A 

 similar Lichen, also blackish beneath, occurs in Venezuela {Mr. Fend- 

 ler\ in which the raised margins of the lobes and the whole centre of 

 the specimen is densely w/tZmif-efiiorescent. And Mr. Wright found 

 specimens, growing with P. applanata, on maritime rocks in Japan 

 (U. S. N. Pacif. Expl. Exp.), which are colored similarly to the last, 

 and appear fully to belong here, but are besprinkled with regular and 

 rounded soredia. 



Yar. y. hypoleuca, Ach. : stellata, glabra, nuda, appressa ; laciniis 

 planis multifidis subtus mollibus subpulverulentis ; apotheciis subsessi- 

 libus maximis nudis, margine crenato-folioloso. Sporas speciei. Par- 

 melia speciosa, v. hypoleuca, Ach. Syn. p. 211. P. hypoleuca, Muhl. 

 Catal. p. 105 ; Tuckerm. Synops. p. 33, & Lich. exs. n. 108. Montag. 

 & V. d. Bosch. Lich. Jav. p. 21. On trunks. Pennsylvania, Muhlen- 

 berg. New England to Virginia, not common, and abundantly fertile. 

 New York, Dr. Sartwell. Ohio (a state with erect lobules). Dr. Hay- 

 den. Texas, both the state above described, Avhich is only sparsely 

 fibrillose beneath at the margins ; and another, inseparable, which is 

 without pulverulence and rather thickly fuscous-fibrillose on the under 

 side ; Mr. Wrigld. The largest and handsomest state of the species 



