398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 



northern Lichen, near to the last species, but occurring here in the same 

 distinctness as in Europe ; nor have I observed any intermediate states. 

 It is, however, by no means as common with us as the last. There are 

 some respects in which one might consider it as bearing possibly the 

 same relation to P. stellaris that P. ciliaris bears to P. speciosa sensu 

 latiori. 



13. P. APPLANATA (Fee), Nyl. Enum. Gen. 1. c. p. 107. Parmelia 

 applanata, Fee Ess. p. 126, tab. 32, fig. 2, & Suppl. p. 123, tab. 42, n. 

 18; Montag. Cuba, p. 223, tab. 8, fig. 1. P. plumosa, Tayl. in Hook. 

 Lond. Journ. Bot. G, p. 173, e descr. On trees. Seaboard of South 

 Carolina, Mr. Ravenel ; of Florida, Herb. Gray ; and of Alabama, 

 Herb. Sartwell. Louisiana, Dr. Hale. Texas, in the valleys of the 

 Blanco, and the Rio Grande, 3fr. Wright. Thallus thickish, softish, 

 stuppeous-membranaceous, closely agglutinate-appressed, from green- 

 ish at length white-glaucescent ; beneath scarcely fibrillose, becoming 

 black ; lobes confluent, crustaceous-concrete at the centre, radiant and 

 somewhat pinnate-plicate at the circumference ; besprinkled at length 

 with rounded soredia ; apothecia scattered, a thin, entire thalline mar- 

 gin bordering an at length convex, violet, naked disk, which becomes 

 black, and rests on a black hypothecium. Spores narrow-ellipsoid, 

 scarcely a little curved, fuscescent, the length about thrice exceeding 

 the width. I possess the same Lichen, a strongly marked and distinct 

 type, but connected with Northern types through the next, from many 

 parts of the warmer regions of the earth, and also from Japan (U. S. 

 N. Pacif. Expl. Exp.), Mr. ' Wright. 



14. P. OBSCURA (Ehrh.), Nyl. Lichen ohscurus, Ehrh. PI. Cr. dec. 

 18, n. 177, cit. Ach. Parmelia (Physcia), Fr. Lichenogr. p. 84 ; Scha;r. 

 Spicil. p. 441, & Lich. Helv. n. 353 - 4 - 5. Physcia, Nyl. Prodr. 

 Gall. p. 63, & Lich. Par. n. 34. Parm. cycloselis, chloantha, & ulothrix, 

 Ach. Syn. 



Var. a. CILIATA : adpressa, substellata, livido-fuscescens ; lobis planis 

 linearibus subdigitato-multifidis subciliatis subtus nigrescentibus nigro- 

 fibrillosis (pannosis) ; apotheciis subtus fibrillosis. Lichen ohscurus, 

 Ehrh. 1. c, L. ciliatus, HofFm. Enum. Lich. p. 69, tab. 14, fig. 1. Lo- 

 haricc, HofFm. D. Fl. 2, p. 155. Lichen ulothrix, Ach. Prodr. p. 113. 

 Parmelia, Ach. Meth. p. 200 ; Lichenogr. p. 481 ; Syn. p. 217. P. ol- 

 scura, /3. ulothrix, Fr. Lichenogr. p. 85. Tuckerm. Synops. p. 34, &. 

 Lich. Exs. n. 87. P. ohsctira, var. ciliata, Scha^r. Spicil. p. 442. On 



