OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 409 



the wild state of the plant or of the animal whose name appears in the 

 second component part. The Romaic, however, often violates this rule. 

 Thus, dypioXvKos, wild wolf (or savage ivolf), represents the Bartsia 

 Trixago of botanists. 



Some of the domestic animals are called by names once belonging 

 to the dialect of slang, as developed in the large cities of the Gra^co- 

 Roman empire ; as mTfivos, code, literally, the winged one ; aXoyov, 

 horse, literally, the irrational animal. A few of them have foreign 

 names ; as [lovKdpi (diminutive of the mediaeval novXa, mida), mule ; 

 yaros, cat, fi'om the Italian gatto ; yd8apos (formerly also yaei8apos, 

 delBapos), ass, a modification of the Persian dxBapi. 



With regard to wild animals, most of them still retain their ancient 

 names, probably because they wei-e seldom seen in large cities, where 

 linguistic alterations and distortions usually commence. Fishes also 

 are often called by their ancient names. For although they were 

 often exposed for sale in the markets of large places, yet their natural 

 history (so to speak) was known chiefly to Jishermen, a veiy small 

 portion of the population of the empire, and the last class of men to 

 tamper with language. 



President Felton gave an account of the recently-discov- 

 ered papyri, containing portions of the lost works of Hype- 

 reides, the Attic orator. 



After a general summary of the contents of these interesting docu- 

 ments, which were found in Egypt, and which are now in the posses- 

 sion of the British Museum, he proceeded to discuss the fragments of 

 the Oration of Hypereides against Demosthenes, and the bearings they 

 have upon the charge of accepting a bribe from Harpalus, under which 

 Demosthenes was condemned. He thought the leading points of the 

 argument could be clearly made out from these fragments. In order 

 to set the subject in a proper light, Mr, Felton recapitulated the prin- 

 cipal facts in the political history of the times referred to, — sketched 

 the characters of Harpalus, Hypereides, and Demosthenes, and their 

 j elations to one another, — and then examined the argument, as pre- 

 sented in the fragments, against Demosthenes, giving the reasons why, 

 under the circumstances of the trial, Hypereides doubtless brought for- 

 ward everything that could be said on that side. It was shown that 

 Hypereides made the best of a bad cause ; that he everywhere assumed 



VOL. IV. 52 



