251] THE LARVAE OF THE COCCINELLIDAE— GAGE 19 



narrower than the metatergum. The mesotergum and metatergum of 

 C. bivulnerus do not bear dorsal shields. Each tergum bears a transverse 

 row of four senti, the pinacula of which are distinct and never fused. 

 The median senti are much smaller than the lateral ones. In Epilachna 

 there is a small median dorsal shield from which two scoli project, these 

 scoli originate so close together that they seem to be the two forks of a 

 single scolus. In all of the genera of the Coccinellini the dorsal shield is 

 present on the mesotergum and metatergum as a raised oval area which 

 covers the larger part of the dorsum. The mesal margin of this shield 

 bears a pair of small parascoli, while the lateral margin bears a large para- 

 scolus. The surface of the shield is densely covered with fine setae and in 

 the genera Coccinella, Hippodamia, and Anatis also bears chalazae. In 

 Scymnus and Microweisea the dorsal shield is weakly chitinized, covers 

 the larger part of the dorsum, and bears a small verruca on each side of the 

 meson. Hyperaspis, on the other hand, has no dorsal shield nor is there 

 any chitinization to suggest the presence of a shield. The terga bear many 

 long, black, prominent setae which are arranged in more or less transverse 

 rows; one row on the cephalic and one on the caudal annulet of each 

 segment. 



The pleural areas of the mesothorax and metathorax of all of the species 

 studied are well developed. They are the lateral vertical areas between 

 the terga and the sterna (Fig. 2, mspl, mtpl). In C. bivulnerus the meso- 

 pleural area is much larger than the metapleural; this is also the case in 

 Microweisea, Scymnus, and Hyperaspis. In Epilachna the metapleural 

 area is larger than the mesopleural; while in all of the genera of the Coc- 

 cinellini they are subequal. The ventral portions of the mesopleural and 

 metapleural areas are obliquely crossed by a furrow extending caudo- 

 mesad from the coxacoila. In C. bivulnerus the mesopleural area bears 

 two subequal senti, one near the cephalic and one near the caudal margin; 

 the base of each of these senti is provided with a small pinaculum. The 

 metapleural area bears two senti, but the cephalic one is much smaller 

 than the caudal. In Epilachna the cephalic area bears a few small setae, 

 while the caudal one bears the large scolus. In the Coccinellini the 

 cephalic area usually bears a few small setae, and the caudal one is pro- 

 vided with a parascolus in Hippodamia, Coccinella, and Anatis; while in 

 Megilla and Adalia this area bears a struma. In Microweisea, Scymnus, 

 and Hyperaspis the cephalic area is smaller than the caudal area which 

 bears a small verruca in the two former, and a few fine setae in the latter. 



The mesosternum and metasternum are so nearly similar to the pro- 

 sternum that no description is necessary. 



In C. bivulnerus the mesothoracic spiracle is located in the small tri- 

 angular area lying between the mesotergum and the mesopleural area, the 

 protopleurite (Boving 1917). This condition is also found in all of the 



