218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



exactly the same in Embia ; in some specimens the two little branches 

 seem to anastomose one with the other ; sometimes the basal part of the 

 submediana seems to be separated, or at least turned in an oblique angle ; 

 but I think after all that no serious objection against my explanation can 

 be made. The post-costa is a very strong vein, running obliquely to the 

 hind margin ; from this point to the base of the wing runs a fine straight 

 vein, the anal vein. 



The whole large group of Orthoptera is very multiform. There is no 

 help for the systematic student, if he is displeased by this multiform 

 mass ; nature has created it in this manner, and he has to accept it just 

 as he finds it. Erichson proved some forty years ago that the so-called 

 Pseudo-neuroptera belong to the Orthoptera, and every later careful study 

 has but confirmed his views. It may not be amiss to state that 

 I had in my manuscript of the Synopsis of the N. Amer. Neuroptera 

 (sensu Linnaei) separated in a decided manner the Pseudo-neuroptera 

 from the Neuroptera, as this is not so evident as it should have been in 

 the printed book. The whole group of Orthoptera consists of a number 

 of co-ordinate families, of which no connecting living forms are known to 

 exist ; probably they have perished in former times. This is far more 

 conspicuous among the Pseudo-neuroptera, and indeed there is not a 

 single living form known about which it is uncertain or doubtful if it 

 belongs to Perlina, Ephemerina, Odonata, Psocina, Embidina or Ter- 

 mitina. To arrange these famiHes, which are very different among them- 

 selves, with the small or large number of genera and species belonging to 

 them, in an acceptable series, is still impossible. 



After a detailed study of the wings of the Embidina, only the follow- 

 ing statements can be given. Only the Termitina and Embidina have all 

 four wings of the same size, shape and venation ; some small differences 

 among them are not of importance. The longitudinal veins have the 

 same simple arrangement, or even more simple because less branched in 

 Embidina. The most striking difference is the strongly developed basal 

 squama of the deciduous wings of the Termitina ; this squama is indeed 

 wanting, or rather very faintly indicated in Embidina. The sub costa 

 ends suddenly in Embidina just as in Psocina, though it is complete in 

 Termitina. The mediana in most of the cases is connected with the sub- 

 mediana before the apex in Embidina ; among the Termitina only Calo- 

 termes brevis (Hagen, Monogr. Term. Linn., vol. xiii., pi. 3, f. 6) shows 

 a somewhat analogous arrangement. The basal connection between the 



