222 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



males among Pseudo-neuroptera is only represented among Perlina and 

 Ephemerina, but without any asymmetry, which appears among the true 

 Orthoptera in Blatina, and after Wood-Mason, also in Phasma. 



The Different Forms and Stages. 



Of the seventeen species described, three are only known as wingless 

 forms ; of the fourteen winged species, not one is known as winged in 

 both sexes. Winged females are known with certainty only in E. Mauri- 

 tanica, and questionably in E. Persica. Winged males are known for the 

 first to seventh species of Oligotoma, and probably for E. Savignyi and 

 Olyntha Salvini ; for the three Olyntha, species 13 to 15, the sex is un- 

 known. 



Of the three wingless species, one seems to be a female imago ; that 

 it belongs to O. Michaeli, as Mr. Wood-Mason contends, still needs proof. 



The specimen which was described as a nympha, can not belong to 

 this stage, if the description and the figure are correct, as I have stated 

 before. Very probably it is a so-called short-winged form, similar to those 

 known of Termitina, Psocina and Perlina. 



The figure of O. Michaeli in Gardener's Chronicle, 1876, p. 845, if 

 correct, can only be considered as a nympha ; the anterior wing cases are 

 wanting or perhaps aborted. The O. Miilleri looks as if it is an imago, 

 with the anterior wing cases aborted and the posterior ones very slightly 

 indicated. It has to be assumed that such forms exist among the Embi- 

 dina as well as in the Psocina. At least I know of no other reasonable ex- 

 planation. Concerning the larvse, or the forms called larvae, I am perfectly 

 at a loss how to separate them from the winged imago, to which they have 

 been assumed to belong, as about all are of the same size with the imago 

 without any traces of wings. The head of all which I have seen has the 

 characters of a female head. I have stated before that the so-called male 

 larvae of O. Sajmdcrsii are somewhat doubtful, and perhaps a wingless 

 state of the male imago. Nevertheless, not having seen them, conjecture 

 may be out of place. The larva of E. Mauritanica which transformed 

 in the box, as reported by Mr. Lucas, belonged undoubtedly to that stage. 

 As it must have gone through the nymph stage with wing cases, of which 

 no record is given, an important gap is still to be filled. That there exist 

 larvse and nymphae of Embidina is doubtless, but we have to confess that 

 the knowledge of these stages is still a tabula rasa. 



