418 BOULENGER. 



arch (strong horizontal clavicles, omosternal style not forked at the 

 base). I conceive the most primitive type as with large nasal bones 

 in contact with each other and with the frontoparietals entirely cover- 

 ing the ethmoid; pointed, fully webbed toes with the outer meta- 

 tarsals separated by web to the base; a distinct tympanum; no 

 glandular dorso-lateral fold. I therefore regard the species grouped 

 together in division I. A. of the above synopsis as nearest to this proto- 

 type; from this group I. B. 1. and II. seem to be directly and inde- 

 pendently derived, probably also I. B. 2. b.; whilst I. B. 2. a. is obvi- 

 ously connected with I. B. 1. The species under Division II. are 

 furthest removed from the prototype; I see no reason for regarding 

 R. boylii as nearly allied to the Ranee temporarioe, and it is connected 

 with R. pahuipes by R. pustulosa. 



1. Rana catesbiana. 



Rana boans (non Linn.), Lacep., Hist. Quadr. Ov. I, Syn. Meth., and p. 541 

 (1788). 



Rana pipiens, part. (Daud.) Latr., Hist. Rept. II, p. 153 (1801); Daud., 

 Hist. Rain. Gren. Crap. (1803), p. 53,2 ^^d Hist. Rept. VIII, p. 113 (1803). 



Rana grunniens, part., Latr., t. c, p. 155. 



Rana catesbeiana Shaw, Gen. Zool., Ill, p. 103, PL xxxin (1802); Leconte, 

 Proc. Ac. Philad., 1855, p. 423; Baird, Rep. U. S. Expl. Surv., XII, ii, PI. 

 XXIX, fig. 5 (1860); Bouleng., Cat. Batr. Ecaud., p. 36 (1882); Hinckley, 

 Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. XXI, 1882, p. 311, PI. v, fig. 1, 2, 7; H. Garm., Bull. 

 Illin., Lab. Ill, 1892, p. 328; Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Philad., 1895, p. 300; Stejneg. 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1901, p. 212; Ditmars, Amer. Mus. Journ. V, 

 1905, p. 203, fig. 1; Dicker.son, Frog Book, p. 227, Pis. lxxxvii-xlvi (1906); 

 Wright, Publ. Carnegie Instit. No. 197, 1914, p. 77, Pi. xix; Bouleng., 

 Ann. and Mag. N. H. (9) III, 1919, p. 408. 



Rana mugiens Merr., Tent. Syst. Amph., p. 175 (1820); Dum. and Bibr., 

 Exp. Gen. VIII, p. 370 (1841); Gunth., Cat. Batr. Sal., p. 36 (1858); Wied, 

 N. Acta Ac. Leop. Carol., XXII, 1865, p. 106. 



Rana scapularis Harl., Am. Journ. Sc, X, 1825, p. 59, and Journ. Ac. 

 Philad., V, 1825, p. 338. 



Rana pipiens Harl., tt. cc. pp. 62, 335; Holbr., N. Am. Herp. IV, p. 77, 

 PI. xvm (1842); Dekay, N. Y. Faun., Rept., p. 60, PI. xix, fig. 48 (1842). 



Rana conspersa Leconte, Proc. Ac. Philad., 1855, p. 425. 



Rana catesbiana, part.. Cope, Batr. N. Am., p. 424, fig. (1889). 



2 This figure is a puzzle as no aquatic American Rana is known ever to have 

 a light vertebral stripe. It perhaps represents the Indian R. hexadactyla. 



