PASQUALE VILLARI. 513 



was made adjunct professor in 1882, professor in 1891, and Dean of the 

 Schools of AppHed Science in 1899. He resigned from Columbia in 

 1907 and was elected professor emeritus. 



His literary output consisted of three text-works, a history of the 

 American Society of Mechanical Engineers and some minor papers. 

 In his latter years he served as consulting engineer to the Department 

 of Water, Gas and Electricity of New York City and to the Automobile 

 Club of America. 



Hutton's chief work was not as a teacher, a scientist, or an engineer, 

 but as an organizer and executive. The American Society of Mechani- 

 cal Engineers, which is now one of the most powerful organizations 

 of its kind, was started by a small group of men in 1880. Three years 

 later, while its membership was less than four hundred, Hutton was 

 appointed Secretary. The history of the Society from that time till 

 1906 is largely a history of his efforts. During those twenty-three 

 years the membership increased tenfold, the rooms expanded from 

 two small rooms to its present splendid quarters, the library grew 

 from a collection of trade catalogs to the best technical library in the 

 country, and the Society became the recognized central authority 

 in its field. These developments were to a considerable degree the 

 product of his untiring energy, tact, good judgment and cheerfulness. 



He died on May 14, 1918, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. 



Lionel S. Marks. 



PASQUALE VILLARI (1827-1917) 



Foreign Honorary Member in Class III, Section 3, 1901 



Pasquale Villari who died in Rome on December 7, 1917, was 

 born in Naples on October 3, 1827. He studied at the University 

 of Naples, intending to become a lawyer, but like many of the alert 

 young men of his time, he was drawn into the patriotic movement of 

 1848, and when, after a year and a half, the Bourbon regime was 

 restored, yoimg Villari took refuge in Tuscany. There he supported 

 himself by giving lessons in Italian, devoting all his spare time to 

 historical study, especially to researches in the Archives of Florence. 

 As a result he brought out in 1859 the first volume of his "History of 



