THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 275 



8.05 — Body contracted and drawn up vigorously, and with a 

 wriggling, impatient, twisting movement four or five times repeated. 



8.12 — The two posterior abdominal and anal prolegs apparently 

 drawn in from the skin. 



8.15 to 8.45 — The body constantly drawn up vigorously, the un- 

 dulating movements of the body kept up almost continuously, with three 

 or four short intervals of rest of about a ([uarter of a minute each, during 

 which the muscles were relaxed and the body hung down almost straight, 

 the head and three thoracic segments only being slightly curved upwards. 



8.45 — Segments No. 12 and 13 showing minute wrinkles in the skin. 



8.46 — Body relaxed for a few seconds and then drawn up slowly, but 

 more firmly and to a greater degree than previously ; at the same time 

 the body was twisted slightly from left to right, and the skin began to pass 

 up perceptibly over the anal segments, this movement proceeding 

 segment by segment as though the insect were crawling through the skin 

 towards the head. 



8.47 — The skin burst over the 3rd and 4th segments, and by the 

 undulating movement of the body was gradually drawn back until the 

 chrysalis emerged ; the skin on ventral surface adhering longest, and 

 apparently the greater part of the weight of the body was borne and the 

 body of the pupa was held from falling by reason of the moisture of the 

 skin, which made it adhere to the soft pupa. I could detect no effort 

 on the part of the chrysalis to hold on to the skin by grasping it between 

 the folds of the abdomen, although this was probably the case when the 

 cremaster was withdrawn and slid over the edge of the empty skin. This 

 was done in a most definite manner; the empty head-case and part of the 

 skin, being in the way, was pushed on one side, and the cremastral hooks 

 by a vigorous gyrating motion of the body twisted into the silk. When 

 firmly attached the body was twisted vigorously round and round for 

 nearly three minutes, from 8.53 to 8.56, in the effort to get rid of the 

 empty skin, the body being drawn up and curved considerably while this 

 was being done, as if with an effort to pull the empty skin away from the 

 silk by means of the abdominal spines, although of course the whole body 

 at this time was very soft. At 8.56 the empty skin was thrown down, 

 when the pupa at once hung motionless and the characteristic spines and 

 projections expanded and took their permanent form. The mat of silk 

 was large and loose, with several detached strands running to adjoining 

 objects. The silk mat white, with no distinct button as in most of the 



