THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 75 



He also gives a good engraving of the gall, but it is not that of a gall 

 on Aster corymbosum, but on S. latifolia. The leaves at the top of the 

 gall are evidently leaves of S. latifolia, and the angular form of the stem 

 of the plant, which is always continued up the gall, is clearly shown by 

 the engraving. 



S. latifolia is one of our most common and beautiful forest flowers, 

 having a wide geographical range over Ontario ; and I have found the 

 gall more or less common wherever the plant is found. 



My first record of the gall is Aug., 1886, when I found it very common 

 in a grand, primal, hardwood forest, in the Township of Whitchurch. 

 My attention was directed to the galls from the fact that an ignorant old 

 quack was using them as a cure for "fits," under the name of " Fitt 

 Apples." 



In a collection of 30 galls made May 29, 1890, a few miles north of 

 Toronto, most of them were at the top of the stem, surmounted by a few 

 leaves, occasionally but one, usually two. The galls at this date seemed 

 to be mature, subtriangular, corresponding to stem of plant; from 20 mm. 

 to 32 mm. long, and from 10 mm. to 15 mm. dia. In size, form and 

 structure the galls closely resemble galls of S. gallasolidaginis. Rarely 

 they occur on the middle and lower third of the stem of the plant. 



From June 29, 1891, to June 25, 1896, annual collections of galls 

 were made. Galls collected before the middle of June were immature, 

 and seldom gave either producers or parasites. The -producers had 

 emerged from all the galls collected after the middle of August, but often 

 contained larvae and pupse of parasites, Cryptus, Pimpla, Copidosoma, 

 Ephialtes. The emergence of the producers was from July 28 to Aug. 20 

 in each season. 



The following is an entry from my notebook, dated July n, 1893 : 

 " Collected from wooded hillside, in St. James's cemetery, 35 galls, all 

 terminal on stems of S. latifolia, all overtopped by a tuft of leaves, usually 

 but two ; plants not much dwarfed, but no flowers. July 13, 1893, from 

 a wooded hill on the Don, collected 40 galls, all but one terminal, two 

 galls on one plant." 



From Aug. 7 to Aug. 20, 1893, producers emerged, and from July 17 

 to Aug. 17, 1893, four species of parasites : two Pimplas, one Cryptus, 

 one Ephialtes emerged ; Copidosoma occasionally the following spring, 

 June, 1, 1894. The galls on growing plants appear to be full size, but still 



