345] STUDIES ON GREGARINES— WATSON 135 



tapering but ending in a blunt, rounded extremity. Nucleus spherical 

 with several karyosomes or a band of chromidial bodies. Endocyte yel- 

 lowish. 



Cysts spherical, 250/x. in diameter. Spores long, cylindrical, biconi. 

 cal at ends, 13.5 by 4.5/x,. 



Taken at Berlin and at Tourraine (France). Host: Dorcus paral- 

 lelopipedus (L.) (Lucanus p. Fabricus). Habitat: Intestine. 



There was considerable confusion regarding this species more than 

 half a century ago. Dufour (1826:43) said: 



"Dans le tube alimentaire de divers Coleopteres, notamment du Lucanus par- 

 allelopipedus, de plusieurs Melasomes et de la Timarcha tenebricosa, j'ai trouve 

 aWondamment une espece de Vers intestineaux, dont je joins ici le dessin." 

 It is interesting to note that he called the gregarine an intestinal worm. 

 Two years later he added : 



"L'espece que j'ai dit habiter les entrailles de divers Coleopteres, merite, a 

 cause de sa forme, le nom Conica." 



By this time Dufour was evidently including many species of greg- 

 arines under the same name, not differentiating them from one another. 



In 1837, he described in detail, covering two pages, a new genus he 

 established to include a half dozen species which he had discovered, and 

 called the genus Gregarina. One of the species enumerated is Gregarina 

 conica and its hosts are given as Coleoptera and Gryllus. That at least 

 two species were concerned in this inclusion is indicated by his figures 

 7 and 7a, PI. I, copied in my figures 101 and 102. The figures are simi- 

 lar in one respect, they are both conical at the posterior ends. The pro- 

 tomerites, however, are very unlike. Figure 101 compares favorably, 

 despite its fanciful epimerite, with Stein's figure 35, PI. IX (1848), my 

 figure 75, from the intestine of the same beetle. These two species are 

 probably the same and the name of the species should thus be Actino- 

 cephalus conicus (Dufour) Frantzius, Dufour having first named the 

 species and Frantzius having placed it properly.* 



Frantzius (1848) recorded both Actinocephahis conicus Dufour 

 and A. Liicamis Stein and he mentioned as host of the former Gryllus, 

 and of the latter Lucanus. 



Diesing recorded Gregarina conica Dufour from " Coleopterorum et 

 Gryllorum ventriculus (Dufour)" and G. lucani Stein from Lucanus 

 parallelopipedus. 



Lankester listed both species. Leger (1892) described the species 

 as a new one under the name Stephanophora radiosa. His description 



*Dufour's Figure ~a is placed in the chapter on Orthopteran Parasites, under 

 the heading Indeterminate Species, G. conica Duf. 



