87] LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE — FRACKER 87 



Family Pyralididae 



The superfamily character of a bisetose Kappa group on the pro- 

 thorax, combined with the presence of short prolegs bearing either a 

 pair of transverse bauds or a more or less complete circle of biordinal 

 crochets, limits the family. In some specimens of Galleria mellonella 

 the crochets seem to be uniordinal but no individuals have been seen 

 in which that was true of all the prolegs. 



The family includes four main divisions typified by the following 

 four subfamilies: Chrysaugiuae, Galleriinae, Phycitinae, and Pyraus- 

 tinae. The species of the first two are few in number while each of the 

 others is very large in addition to being associated with several smaller 

 subfamilies. The structural basis of these divisions is shown by the 

 following synopsis : 



a. Crochets uniordinal, arranged in two transverse bands ; front extend- 

 ing nearly and adfrontals entirely to vertical triangle. 



Chrysauginae 

 aa. Crochets arranged in a pseudocircle or penellipse, very rarely uni- 

 ordinal. 

 b. Pi group on mesothorax and metathorax bisetose ; crochets some- 

 times uniordinal (Fig. 50). Galleriinae 

 bb. Pi group on mesothorax and metathorax unisetose ; crochets al- 

 ways biordinal or triordinal. 

 c. Kappa and mu present on segment 9, usually associated with eta 

 on the same pinaculum (Fig. 46) ; crochets arranged in a com- 

 plete circle. Epipaschiinae 



Pyralidinae 

 Phycitinae 

 cc. Kappa and mu absent or extremely minute on segment 9, eta 

 well developed, not associated with other setae (Fig. 49). 

 d. Crochets arranged in a penellipse. 



e. Crochets biordinal. (In part) Crambinae 



ee. Crochets triordinal (Fig. 98). Pyraustinae 



dd. Crochets arranged in a complete circle. 



e. Crochets triordinal. (In part) Crambinae 



ee. Crochets biordinal. (See also subfamily descriptions.) 



Nymphulinae 

 Scopariinae 



Chrysauginae. This subfamily must have been separated from 

 other pyralids at a rather remote period in their history, for intermedi- 

 ate stages are lost and the differences, especially in the crochets, are 

 striking. The chaetotaxy is as in the other subfamilies but it may be 



