289] STUDIES ON GREGARINES— WATSON 79 



think that when the unauthentic species have all been properly placed, 

 it will ultimately be shown that members of the genus Gregarina are all 

 associative during the greater part of their adult sporont life. I place 

 this species in the genus Amphoroides because of the shape of the pro- 

 tomerite. 



Appendix to the Stenophoridae 

 Two and only two species have been described as Stenophoridae 

 which are not parasites in diplopods. These are Stenophora erratica 

 (Crawley) (1907:220-8) and 8. gimbeli Ellis (1913:462-5). The former 

 was placed in this family on very slender evidence, viz. : At the anterior 

 tip of the protomerite is a 



"low papilla within which are traces of a pore. It is this character which 

 led me to place the gregarine in the genus Stenophora." 



The author notes later the following (1907:221) : 



"The suggestion is permissible that this form is actually the common Steno- 

 phora julipusilli Leidy, somewhat altered in appearance from being in the wrong 

 host. Crickets and Julidae frequently occur in the same environment, and the 

 former might readily swallow the spores derived from the feces of the latter. This 

 done, the spores might readily develop, although producing slightly atypical gre- 

 garines." 



The present writer has placed the species in a new genus and called it 

 Leidy ana erratica (Crawley). For argument relative to this posi- 

 tion, see under this species, among the Orthopteran parasites. 



Ellis (1913) described from a beetle a parasite he calls 8te7iophora 

 gimheli. 



"The epicyte of the apex of the protomerite is quite thin and the sarcocyte 

 of this region is driven into a papilla which results from the expansion of the thin 

 epicyte." 



Such a papilla has been found nowhere else among the Stenophoridae 

 except in S. cocJcerellae. The present writer has often observed an ex- 

 pansion of the epicyte at the apex of the protomerite after the animal has 

 been on the slide for some time in a water medium and it is due to osmo- 

 sis and the expansion of the epicyte at its weakest point. This gregarine 

 has been removed from the genus Stenophora and placed in the genus 

 Gregarina. The name now stands Actinocephalus gimbeli. 



With this disposition of the above two species, the family Stenophori- 

 dae is found nowhere outside of the family Diplopoda and the diplopods 

 are parasited almost but not exclusively by the Stenophoridae. It is in- 

 teresting to note in this connection the fact that very rarely is the same 

 species of gregarines found in more than one species of host. Each spe- 

 cies of diplopod may be expected to yield its specific parasite, although 

 this is not without exception. 



