90 The Irish Naturalist. 



Foreign Distribution. — This is a typically southern species, occur- 

 ring besides Great Britain, only in France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and 

 Greece (where it is known as A. carinata, Rissoj. 



Amalia gagates, Drap. 

 I. — III. IV. V. — — VIII. IX. — XI. XII. 



In some parts on the west coast this species is more common than the 

 last, but about Dublin it is decidedly rare. Mr. Praeger has found several 

 specimens at Cultra, Co. Down, being the first record for that county. 

 There are two very distinct varieties in Ireland, one of which is tan- 

 coloured and the other dark lead. 



Foreign Distribution. — It is widely distributed, ranging over Great 

 Britain, Belgium, Holland, France, Spain, Portugal, Sicily, Sardinia, 

 Eg3^pt, Algiers, Morocco, Madeira, St. Helena, Ascension, S. Africa, (?) 

 California, (?) Bermuda, and Brazil (possibly introduced). 



(TO BE CONTINUED.) 



COUNTY DUBLIN, PAST AND PRESENT. 



BY PROF. GRKNVII.I,K A. J. COIvE, F.G.S. 



{Concluded from page 76.) 



V. — From Past to Presfnt. 



An enormous interval of time remains unrepresented in the 

 deposits of the County of Dublin. Earth-movements at the 

 close of the Carboniferous Period raised a great part of Ireland 

 into dry land, uptilting and crumbling the shales and lime- 

 stones, and again bringing the old rocks within reach of 

 denuding forces. The form of the county must have then been 

 far different to what it is at present ; Howth and the Granite 

 Chain, for instance, may have only in later times emerged from 

 their covering of Upper Carboniferous strata ; and in all 

 probability the best representative of this area as it appeared 

 at the opening of the Mesozoic era is to be found at the present 

 time in the high table-lands of Yorkshire and the Peak. 



The old order meanwhile passed away ; the ancient life-forms, 

 trilobites and the rest, gave place to animals more clearly 

 allied to those of modern times. The north-east of Ireland, 

 from Lurgan to Rathlin Island and from Larne to Lough 

 Foyle, bears record of the faunas of Mesozoic times. There the 

 Jurassic and the Chalk beds were laid down in successive seas ; 

 but we have no evidence as to how far this stibsidence affected 

 southern Ireland. When we consider how these soft strata are 

 seen in Co. Antrim, as in the Hebrides, only as an edging 

 peeping out from beneath ertiptive masses, which have flowed 

 over and preserved them, we may reasonably presume that they 

 formerly extended over far wider areas, where conditions 

 proved unfavourable for their presentation. In this way the 

 thick flint-gravels in eastern Devon show how the Upper Cre- 



