40 The Irish Nattu^alist. 



paper was illustrated by photographs, drawings, apparatus, and speci- 

 mens. 



Aprii, nth.— The President in the Chair. Mr. E. Iv. Fischer read a 

 paper on "Music Without and Within." 



DUBININ NATURAI^ISTS' FIEI^D C%UB. 



Aprii, I2th.— The President, Dr. E.J. M'WkenEY, in the Chair. Prof. 

 G. A. J. Cole, F.G.S., gave a paper on " The Geology of the Scalp and its 

 Neighbourhood." The Scalp is believed by Prof. Cole to have been cut 

 by a stream flowing southward from the high district which must for- 

 merly have existed to the north of the present granite ridge, before the 

 Carboniferous beds had been removed by denudation. This explanation 

 was given some years ago by Prof Hull. The sands and gravels of Glen- 

 cuUen were also described and compared with similar features in Alpine 

 valleys. The interesting question of the marine shells in these gravels 

 at high levels was discussed. The paper was illustrated by views shown 

 in the optical lantern. The concluding picture represented the supposed 

 condiition of the Dublin mountains as seen from the sea at the period of 

 excavation of the Scalp, with glaciers and torrents flowing down their 

 gorges from snowfields at an elevation of 7,500 feet. Rev. M. H. Close 

 expressed his agreement with the views of Professors Hull and Cole as 

 to the origin of the Scalp. He stated that the gravel-beds with marine 

 shells high on the Two-Rock Mountain, described in his work on "The 

 . Glaciation of Ireland," had since been entirely cleared away. Mr. W. W. 

 Watts thought that the amount of denudation previous to the glacial 

 period must have been too great to allow at that time such a height for 

 the Dublin mountains as Prof. Cole had suggested. Mr. J. J. Dowling 

 also took part in the discussion. Prof. Cole stated that a new gravel-pit 

 at a high level is now in course of excavation. 



Mr. F. Neale sent for exhibition specimens of Trochilmm crabroniforniis, 

 CI., with larvae and pupa cases (see note, p. 42) taken in the Co. Dublin. 

 He also sent various species of Lepidoptera from the Limerick district, 

 among which Thccla rubi, L. , from Cratloe, Co. Clare, and Smerinthus ocel- 

 laius, h., were noteworthy. 



Mr. G. H. Carpenter showed a female specimen ofAyssia zonaria, vSchiff, 

 from Achill Island (see p. 42) ; larvae of Cossus ligniperda, L., found by 

 Mr. Thomas Greene at INIillbrook, Co. Kildare ; and two species of Pyc- 

 nogonida. One of these, Fhoxichilus spinosus, Mont., from Dublin Bay, is 

 new to the Irish coast, and the other, a Nyinphon, from Ballina, appears 

 to be new to science. — (See note, p. 42). 



Mr. W. W. Watts asked members interested in photography to assist 

 the committee appointed by the British Association for collecting photo- 

 graphs of geological features. 



CORK NATURAI^ISTS' FIIvI<D CI,UB. 



Aprii. 1st.— The President, Profkssor Hartog, D.Sc, F.Iv.S., in the 

 Chair. The rules drafted by the Committee were passed after a few 

 amendments. The names of W.J. Knight, LL.D., and V. Cotter, M.D., 

 were added to the Vice-Presidents. The President then gave a discourse 

 entitled "A Gossip on Pond Life," which unfortunately had to be cur- 

 tailed. Having dealt with the various microscopic denizens of the ponds, 

 streams, and stagnant water, he described their various forms, habits, 

 and modes of propagation, and especially pointed out the vast field for 

 research opened b}- the aid of the microscope. A discussion then took 

 place as to the best mode of recording the work done by the Club. 



Aprii, 8th.— The President in the Chair. The Right Rev. Dr. O'Shee- 

 han, Bishop of Waterford, was unanimously elected a Vice-President, 

 and Mr. R. A. Phillips was appointed Curator of the Society's proposed 

 museum. 



Miss H. A. Martin, M.R.C.P., gave a discourse on "Plant Life." 

 Having explained, by the aid of diagrams and specimens, the structure 



