1901. Carpenter. — The Puparium of the Grouse-Fly. 223 



Of the puparium of Ornithomyia Dufour writes : — 



" La pupe de l'Ornithoinyie, deux ou trois fois plus petite 

 que celle de l'Hippobosque, est noire, plus lisse, plus luisante 

 et de la meme conformation generale, mais sans echancrure en 

 arriere. Son bout posterieur, un peu plus petit que l'autre, offre, 

 en y regardant de tres pres, une empreinte lineaire circulaire, 

 et deux tres legeres eminences separees par une depression en 

 gouttiere, ou je n'ai pas pu decouvrir le stigmate que l'analogie 

 permet d'y supposer. On apercoit au bout anterieur un 

 vestige des deux sutures signalees dans l'Hippobosque." 



The brilliantly-black surface of the puparium is indeed re- 

 markable ; the general aspect is that of a Histerid beetle or 

 an Oribatid mite. The shape of the puparium is ovate, the 

 fore-end being the broader; it is flattened dorso-ventrally 

 the lateral edges being sub-carinate (figs. 1, 6). Almost the 

 whole surface is ornamented with fine lines, forming very 

 small irregular polygonal areas (fig. 2), somewhat like those 

 which adorn the integument of certain Water-mites. In addi- 

 tion to these there are series of punctures forming lines, of 

 which ten sets, running transversely, appear to be arranged 

 segmentally, while four others run lengthwise on both dorsal 

 and ventral surfaces roughly parallel with the lateral margins ; 

 those on the dorsal surface being finer and more continuous 

 than those on the ventral (figs. 1, 6, 7). The two foremost 

 and the hindmost of the transverse lines are continuous on 

 the ventral surface, while all the others are interrupted for a 

 considerable distance in the middle. On the dorsal surface 

 the hindmost line is interrupted centrally, the broken ends 

 being turned backwards ; the one next in front is continuous 

 across the back, but all the others, except the foremost, are 

 broken. Microscopic examination shows that the punctures 

 forming these lines are not strictly regular in their arrange- 

 ment, but that they pursue a slightly sinuous course (fig. 2). 



On the ventral surface, the hindmost transverse line is in- 

 terrupted in the middle where the position of the anus is 

 marked by a small circular pit (figs. 4, 5). At the head-end of 

 the body, a small oval area raised into a low papilla, grooved 

 dorso-ventrally, surrounds the larval mouth, which is situated 

 towards the dorsal or narrow end of the area. From the mouth 

 opening a series of excessively fine wrinkles radiate (fig. 3). 



