188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 



1816. Lam., Hist. Nat. An. sans Vert. iv. 20 : employs it for malvse 



and others. 

 1816. Hiibn., Verz. 25 : uses it for various Vestales, following Fabri- 



cius' own tardy limitation, althougli not in precisely the 



same sense. 

 1820. Billb., Enum. Ins. 81 : some Urbicolre, among them malvte. 

 1820. Oken, Naturg. f Schulen, 788 : employs it for some Epliori. 

 1820-21. Swains., ZooJ. 111. i. i. 28: specifies comma as the type, but 



erroneously. 

 1833. Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 442: also designates comma as the 



type. 

 1837. Sodoffsk., Bull. Mosc. x. 82 : proposes to supplant this name by 



wSymmachia (q. v.). 

 1840. Ilamb., Faun. Ent. Andal. 312 [probably unpublished] : uses 



it for a number of species, including malviB (Alveolus). 

 1852. Westw., Gen. Diurn. Lep. 525 : employs it for a heterogeneous 



group of Urbicolae, not including malvge. 

 1858. Ramb., Cat. Lep. Andal. 88: limits it wrongly to Nostro- 



damus (Nostradamus). 

 1858. Kirb., Cat. Brit. Rhop. : limits it to comma. 



1869. Butl., Cat. Fabr. Lep. 269 : employs it for exclamationis and 



others, but iVot for malvas. 



1870. lb., Ent. Monthl. Mag. vii. 58 : specifies exclamationis as the 



type, erroneously.* 

 1870. Kirb., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. x. 500 : says that Proteus seems 

 to be Latreille's type, and Alcides that of Fabricius. 



* Butler (Lep. Exot. 1G6, note) says of Hesperia: "Fabricius described tlie 

 genus in bis Entoniologia Systematica, vol. iii., Gloss. 1, p. 325 (1793), and 

 gave no ti/pe, but used tbe following words in his description — ' Antennas clava 

 elongata, saepius uncinata.' These words at once fix the type as somewhere 

 amongst the Uesperice urbicolm (notwithstanding the fact that, in his Systema 

 Glossatorum, Fabricius refers it to the rurales). The Hes/xria of Cuvier has for 

 its type //. Malvce (as Mr. Crotch has pointed out. Cist. Ent. p. 62) ; but Pi/njus 

 Malvce (of all the Hesperice urbicolce) is about the worst to have chosen as the 

 type, for it does not Jit the Fabrician description. Therefore it is clear that P. 

 Malvce could not have crossed the mind of Fabricius when he penned his descrip- 

 tion, and cannot be his type : later authors have referred the dark-coloured species 

 of Paniphila and Caiystus to Hesperia, evidently taking //. Exclamationis as the 

 type, it being the first species which he describes under his urbicolce; but as H. 

 Exclamationis turns out to be an Ismene, and not, as formerly supposed, a Pam- 

 phila, I have taken /. Exclamationis as the type. The first lof the Hesperice 

 Rurales is a species of the family Erycinidae." 



