1908. The British Associaiioi ^?^ Ditblin. 223 



a brilliant lecture of an hour's duration, in which he developed 

 the relations of mountain-ranges to the earth as a whole. 

 Prof. Sollas urged that attention should be directed to the 

 transference of lava to considerable distances as the result of 

 earth-pressures engaged in rearing mountain-chains. He 

 quoted the President's views as to the rise of temperature 

 under regions of sedimentation as being in complete harmony 

 with the present position of our mountain-axes on the globe. 

 He also entered into interesting details of some of the over 

 thrust folds in Switzerland. Prof. Cole endeavoured to em- 

 phasise the importance of gravitational sliding in producing 

 some of the features of recumbent folds, and stated that 

 Reyer's views^ recently revived, were really in themselves a 

 revival of those prevalent about 1820. Scrope's conception of 

 an ideal mountain- chain, where the strata had slipped awa}- 

 outward on either side of a central protrusion, might, after all 

 deserve an equal place beside theories of lateral compression, 

 The papers relating to Ireland are specially reported, 

 below, except that by H. B. Muff and R. Carruthers on the 

 Geology of the Leenaue District, which will be published in 

 full in an early issue. It may be noted with pleasure how the 

 difficult problems of western stratigraphy are attracting the 

 attention of a keen body of younger workers. The boundaries 

 at present suggested between Ordovician and Silurian (Upper 

 Silurian) beds in Ireland, are, as is generally recognised, liable 

 to much reconsideration. 



Egypt and the Sudan were represented by Dr. Hume and 

 Mr. Grabham, respectively. Dr. Hume's paper on Egyptian 

 petrography took a properly broad view of rock-description^ 

 and was illustrated by numerous original lantern-views. Mr. 

 Hayden and Mr. Fermor, of the Indian Surve}', and Mr. 

 Muff, who has made such valuable observations in Uganda, 

 contributed to the discussion on laterite and pisolitic iron- 

 ore, to which Professor Cole's paper, dealing with Antrim, 

 was merely an introduction. Dr. Tempest Anderson illus- 

 trated the modification of features in St. Vincent since the 

 great eruption of 1902. Professor W. M. Davis brought his 

 wide experience to bear on the conditions of the Snowdon 

 area during the Glacial epoch, and his characteristic sketches 

 on the blackboard were among the best features of the 

 meeting. 



