1898.] Recejit Co7itribiitions to Geology of h-eland. 99 



The '^ Chloritic " Sands and Sandstones, the zone oi Exogyra colu/nba, are 

 shore-representatives of the IvOwer Chalk (Cenomanian, as now restric- 

 ted by English writers). 



The only admitted Turonian is recognised in the *' chloritic " sands of 

 the eastern division, Lower Turonian beds being everywhere absent. 

 Even these " chloritic sands " ma}-, in reality, belong to the lowest 

 Senonian. 



The "Chloritic" Chalk, the well-known conglomeratic "mulatto- 

 stones," and the White Limestone, are all Senonian, the White Limestone 

 representing the zone of Belejunitella mucronata. 



The distribution of faunas through the Cretaceous series is briefly 

 discussed on p. 605, the author insisting on the fact that local conditions 

 may enable a particular group of species to survive in one area, when 

 extinct in another; hence these species may appear in higher zones, 

 under the return of favourable conditions of depth or food-supplj^ side 

 by side with the newly arisen fauna that is truly characteristic of those 

 zones. The fauna that reappears, in such favourable intervals, from 

 Lower Cenomanian times to the very base of the zone of Belernnitella 

 jHiicronata forms a text on which we shall hope to hear more from this 

 unbiassed and conscientious author. Meanwhile, his more exciting 

 duties on the staff of the Egyptian survey will no doubt lead to a series 

 of papers on the eastern Cretaceous zones, as complete as those that he 

 has given us on the more interrupted western series displayed across the 

 British Isles. 



Ill— (i.) The Kildarc Inlier. By C. T. Gardiner, F.G.S., and S. H. 

 REYNOIvDS, F.G.S. {Quarterly Joza-n. Geol. Soc. London^ vol. lii., 

 1896, pp. 587-605). 

 (ii.) An Account of the Portraine Inlier (Co. Dublin). By 



the same authors. With an appendix on the fossils by F. R. 



CowPER Reed, F.G.S. {Ibid., vol. liii., 1897, pp. 520-539). 

 (iii.) The Bala Beds and Associated Ig^neous Rocks of 



Lambay Island, Co. Dublin. By the same authors. 



{Ibid., vol. liv., 1S98, pp. 135-148). 

 These three papers represent the result of investigations in successive 

 summers b}- two distinguished students of the University of Cambridge. 

 In view of the rapid extension of our knowledge of the Older Palaeozoic 

 series, and the persistent rumours as to the absence of contemporaneous 

 volcanic action in the Ordovician of Ireland, these revisions of older 

 survey work prove in the highest degree acceptable. 



In the first place, the authors agree fully with the earlier surveyors in 

 finding abundant evidence of true ashes and lava-flows in the Bala series. 

 At Grange Hill (i., p. 599), at Portraine (ii., p. 525), and, more unex- 

 pectedly, at Lambay Island (iii., p. 140, <S:c.), they have no doubt as to 

 the occurrence of contemporaneous volcanic action. The argument so 

 carefulh- worked out at Portraine is one that must have struck most 

 persons have who walked over the district. Signs of crushing are 

 common ; but the volcanic conglomerate includes " two bands of lime- 

 stone and accompanying shale," which could not have escaped destruction 

 if the conglomerate itself were due to earth-movement. At the same 



