THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27 



parallel, the abdomen narrowing posteriorly. Immediately after hatching, 

 the body is flat and thin, but just before the first moult it becomes well 

 rounded above. The edge of the body consists of a thin, narrow, 

 marginal rim, at the inner edge of which the body is abruptly thickened. 

 From the under side of this thin rim many minute, glistening granules can 

 be seen. The margin is entire, except for the attachments of tiie spines. 

 On each side sixteen spines arise on or near the margin of the body. 

 Excepting numbers two, seven and fourteen, counting from the anterior 

 end, these are situated at nearly regular intervals. Number two arises a 

 short distance from the margin on the under side of the body, quite close 

 to the base of one ; it is directed downward, curving toward its mate. 

 These spines are best seen from below. Number seven is separated from 

 numbers six and eight by greater intervals than occur between other 

 adjacent spines. Number fourteen arises a little nearer fifteen than 

 thirteen. Number sixteen is very long, varying in length from one-third 

 to one-half the length of the body. Number fourteen is from one-third to 

 one-half the length of sixteen. Numbers one to seven gradually 

 decrease in length. Numbers seven to thirteen are about equal in length, 

 being from one-eighth to one-tenth the length of number sixteen. Number 

 fifteen is slightly longer than thirteen. A marginal secretion of wax 

 appears soon after the young larva settles down. This usually becomes 

 wide enough to cover all but the fifteenth and sixteenth pairs of spines. 

 The segmentation of the abdomen is quite distinct, that of the thorax very 

 indistinct, essentially as in the pupa-case. The vasiform orifice is about 

 as wide as long, its form being somewhat similar to an equilateral 

 triangle with rounded corners. The operculum is subelliptical in outline, 

 flattened on the basal side. The lingula is spatulate in outline, bearing 

 a number of longitudinal rows of minute setae, and on the caudo-lateral 

 margin two pairs of spines, the posterior pair being the longer. When the 

 lingula is in its natural position, the last-mentioned spines do not reach to 

 the apex of the orifice. T)ie orifice is bounded laterally by chitinous 

 thickenings, which bend toward one another, but do not unite at 

 the posterior end of the orifice. Just inside the apex of the orifice is a 

 small, glistening, crescent-sliaped structure, which may be simply a 

 chitinous thickening or an opening in the integument. There are two 

 pairs of reddish-brown eyes, a dorsal and a ventral pair, situated nearly 

 opposite each other, just mesad to the thin marginal rim, and about 

 equidistant from the fourth and fifth marginal spines on their respective 



