i897-] Pai^mer. — The Migration of Bi7'ds, 15 



along the western coast from Slyne Head southwards. These 

 Irish emigrations usually occur simultaneousl}'- with similar 

 movements passing down the western coast of Great Britain, 

 and the two streams of migrants meet and unite between the 

 Bristol Channel and the Scilly Islands. Some of the Irish 

 autumnal flights, however, are independent of these general 

 movements. 



The observations collected show that not only do the autum- 

 nal emigrants depart from the south-east coast of Ireland, but 

 also that many migrants (e.g. Thrushes, Redwings, Black- 

 birds, Chaffinches, Greenfinches, L^innets, Starlings, I,arks), 

 almost simultaneously arrive, by the same route, in Ireland, 

 in order to winter there. These cross-channel flights are 

 usually observed in the daytime, but at times some of these 

 birds reach Ireland in the night. 



Independently of these main Irish migratory movements. 

 Thrushes, Larks, and Starlings occur in October and 

 November on the northern coasts of Ireland as immigrants 

 from Scotland. I^arks are recorded by this route in the day- 

 time. There are also east and west autumnal movements 

 between Ireland and Great Britain on the part of Starlings, 

 Chaffinches, Greenfinches, I,arks, and sometimes various 

 species of Thrushes. Anglesea is the chief Welsh point, and 

 Rockabill, County Dublin, the chief Irish station, where these 

 departures and arrivals are observed. The migratory move- 

 ments noted on the west coast of Ireland are neither many 

 nor important, and consist chiefly of movements on the part 

 of emigratory Irish birds. There are, however, remarkable 

 immigrations from home sources witnessed on the west coast 

 and its islands during great cold or snow. 



The records from the south coast of England are not as 

 complete as from the other coast lines ; but they point to a 

 considerable migration taking place between this coast and 

 the south-west of Europe, and to important movements taking 

 place along the entire line of coast. It is possible that 

 British emigrants, after passing down the east coast of Eng- 

 land, may turn to the westward and skirt the south coast ; 

 but this is not shown with certainty. The continental 

 immigrants strike the Kentish shore, and, as already stated, 

 some pass up the east coast, while others go west, probably 



