I900.] Hart. — Remarks on Cybcle Hibcmica. 31 



severity. One of the Cantabrian seven is quite out of place in 

 the group, so far as vertical distribution goes. I mean London 

 Pride, which seems to be able to exist amongst alpines, stand 

 anything in fact. In Donegal its range is Highland. 



Sir Charles Lyell says " the signs of glacial action have 

 been traced b}^ Professor Jukes to elevations of 2,500 feet in 

 the Killarney district— the whole island was, in some part of 

 the Glacial Period, an archipelago." — {Antiquity of Man, 

 p. 271). 



Let us question one or two more authorities before we leave 

 this debatable question, which it was almost a pity to raise 

 at all in the Cybele. 



Professor James Geikie says " with glacial conditions in 

 Scotland and the hilly grounds of England and Ireland, 

 neither temperate flora nor fauna could have existed in this 

 country." — (On' Changes of climate during the Glacial Epoch ; 

 Gcol. Magazine, vol. ix., r872). 



This question is akin to others in various parts of Europe, 

 man}^ of which can be explained b}^ the, I believe, admittedly 

 reasonable supposition, if not demonstration, of an upheaval 

 (consequent upon the removal of the superincumbent mass of 

 ice) of the continents accompanying the warmer period which 

 caused that removal. Kerner sa3^s "The most noteworthy 

 inference made in this connection is that over a great part of 

 Central Europe since the last ice-age, a flora was evolved which 

 was onh^ capable of existing under the influence of a 

 continental climate of far greater warmth than now prevails." 

 {Natural History of Plants, ii., 903). 



It is, I believe, an admitted fact amongst geologivSts, that at 

 the deposition of the Estuarine Clay, long subsequent to the 

 close of the Glacial Period, a fauna prevailed along our coasts 

 of a milder form and more southern aspect than that now 

 existing. 



The flora of the Dead Sea, another warm group, detached 

 by many degrees from its natural home, and incapable of 

 existing there when Syria was glaciated and the Jordan an icy 

 stream, is a case of similar origin. 



In a recent and elaborate paper by Dr. Scharff" {Proc. Roy. 

 Ir. Acad., July, 1897), " On the Origin of the European Fauna," 

 the author labours hard to substantiate the Pre-glacial theory. 

 Many of his arguments appear to me to be built upon insufli- 



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