18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 



foundings, being attacked, though in rearing' cages the beetles fed 

 freely upon the fruit. Some years, however, the beetles do a great 

 deal of damage in late summer and autumn. For instance, in 

 Prince Edward County one fruit-grower to whom I showed the sort 

 of injury done by the beetles at that time of the year, stated that 

 he had that year 15 tons of apples rendered culls by such injuries. 

 Next year, after he had carried out the suggestions given below for 

 control, he reported very little loss. 



Means of Control, 



1. Natural enemies. — ^There is no doubt that climatic con- 

 ditions, as they vary from year to year, play a very important part 

 in determining the relative abundance or fewness of these insects. 

 They are also held in control to some extent by various predaceous 

 and parasitic insects and by other animals, but not to such a degree 

 as to allow us to rely on them alone. 



2. Clean surroundings. — -The first step in the control of the 

 Curculio should be a general cleaning up of the orchard itself and 

 of its surroundings so far as this is practicable. Get rid of all 

 rubbish, cut down thickets, remove stone piles, burn off old grass 

 and all brush. In this way the favourable conditions for hibernation 

 are removed. 



3. Cultivation. — It is seldom that one sees a well-cultivated 

 orchard badly infested. Cultivation, especially if it can be con- 

 tinued into the month of July without danger of winter injury to 

 the trees, will kill the pupae in their easily broken earthen cases in the 

 soil. It also seems to help in other ways, and by letting the sun- 

 light beat upon the fallen, infested apples and killing the larvae 

 within by the excessive heat. Good pruning would also help in 

 this way. 



4. Spraying ivith arsenicals. — -The best spray to use is arsenate 

 of lead at the strength of from 2 to ,3 lbs. to 40 gallons of dilute 

 lime-sulphur (strength 1.008 sp. gr.) or Bordeaux mixture. The 

 lime-sulphur or Bordeaux is added to control diseases. Fortunately 

 the proper time to spray apples for this pest is just after the blossoms 

 have fallen, which is, of course, the right time for the Codling Moth, 

 and also one of the most important times for the scab fungus. The 

 spraying, to get best results on all thx"ee tilings, should be very heavy 



