318 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 



Massachusetts 



Amherst Picea ahies June 9, 1908 B. N. Gates 



" menziesii " 8, 1910 



Maiden " " May 25, 1908 W.T.Harris. 



Hanover :...Pinus slrobus Oct. 19, 1912 J. W. Hinckley. 



Connecticut 



Hartford. Picea abies June 23, 1906 W. H. Patton. 



New Hampshire 



Pike Picea rubens " 3, 1909 E. J. Kraus. 



New York 



Yonkers Picea spp " 15, 1912 W. L. Kingman. 



Pennsylvania 



West Chester Picea menziesii Nov. 28, 1914 F. Windle. 



Ontario 



Guelph Picea spp July 14, 1910 T. D. Jarvis. 



It is thus an introduced species from Europe, and is dependent 

 on spruce and pine as host plants. It in fact seems to prefer the 

 Norway Spruce Picea abies, being found on no other tree in Madison, 

 Wisconsin, although in some instances the infestation was sur- 

 rounded by different species of spruce. 



Life History. — In winter the second stage larvae are found 

 clustered, thickly on the undersides of the spruce needles. They 

 remain dormant until the latter part of March, when they become 

 active and may be observed migrating from one branch to another. 

 This period of spriijg activity is of short duration and by xAipril 

 the majority have settled on the leaves. 



By the middle of April those larvae which are to develop 

 into females migrate to the twigs. The male larvae remain at- 

 tached to the undersides of the needles, where they moult twice 

 during a period of development in which the insect passes suc- 

 cessively from a propupal to a true pupal stage beneath the first 

 exuvia which becomes coated with wax.^^ The adult males 

 issue within two weeks after the twigward migration of the females 

 and fertilization takes place by the first of May, shortly follow- 

 ing the second moult of the females. 



Female. — The majority of the female larvae settle in the 

 woody bracts at the bases of the smaller twigs. In this stage 

 growth is at first slow, and tendril-like wax filaments are secreted 

 around the margin of the scale. In two weeks the insects moult 

 for the second and last time, all appendages being lost, a mere 

 globular sac resulting. This change takes place early in May, 



13. Henschel, Die Schadl. Forst. and Obst. Ins., p. 511, 1895. 



