344 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 



helped disentangle the great confusion in the Californian species. 

 Dr. Barnes and McDunnough, in their contributions, have added 

 much to our knowledge of some of the species. ' . 



There are some things that are imperatively necessary. A 

 single type (holotype) should be fixed for all of Edwards' species in 

 Dr. Holland's collection in the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburg, 

 and these should be selected in relation to the type locations and 

 specimens mentioned in the original descriptions. Strecker says 

 that Dr. Behr sent him the types of coronis, montivaga, rupestris 

 and monticola. Single types sh.ould be selected for these four 

 species. The Strecker collection is in the Field Museifm in Chicago. 

 We need to know more definitely about Dr. Boisduval's types. 

 Mr. Edwards says^ that all of Boisduval's types were sent to him 

 and that they were in his collection. There are many confusing 

 things in the literature in regard to types and other matters. 



Dr. Holland says the types of cohimhia Hy. Edw. are in his 

 collection, whereas the type or types are supposed to be in the 

 American Museum of Natural History in New York. 



The importance of single type fixation is shown by these 

 citations. A concrete example is as follows: Mrs. Edwards says 

 the types of A. chitone are from South Utah and the Weber 

 Mountains (Can. Ent., 1890, p. 83),Drs. Barnes and McDunnough 

 (Contributions, No. HI, p. 75) say the Weber Mountain speci- 

 m.ens, 1 cf, 3 9 's, represent a different species. 



It is impossible to differentiate the species of Argynnis from 

 descriptions alone, as while they may hSve a different facies it is 

 very difficult to describe it in words. As nearly all the spe&ies 

 hscve been well figured in one place or another we can now make 

 progress as soon as the types are fixed. The difficulty of fixing 

 names and relationships is shown by the following names and how 

 they should be treated. Much more depends on the views of the 

 individual student. Are they species topomorphs, varieties or 

 what? — mormonia, arge, erinna, bischoffi, opis, washingtonia, eury- 

 nome, clio, artonis, luski. There must also be plenty of other 

 variations of these in the many mountains not yet collected in. 

 5. Can. Ent., 1890, p. 82. 



