THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 115 



injured ; indeed, in one neglected corner, among scores, scarcely one 

 tree had escaped. In this instance, also, many pines were stunted, 

 while some thus weakened had been broken off by the wind. In other 

 localities where the pine is indigenous I have been unable to find it, or 

 else it was only occasional ; for example, at Portage, where young pines 

 are plentiful, and although the trunks bore masses of pitch closely like 

 those from the wounds by Zimmermani, yet a diligent search discovered 

 but one pupa skin, and of the identity of it I am not quite certain, as it 

 was badly broken in removing from the pitch. 



April 1 2th last, at Hastings, I took many larvae of various sizes from 

 .25 to .7 of an inch in length when crawling, so there is no longer a doubt 

 as to the winter stage. None of those taken were " livid or blackish 

 green," but dull white ; nor do the hairs arise from a " series of black 

 dots," but from light brown ones. I take it to be a case where a naked 

 hybernating larva is lighter than during the warm summer. Otherwise the 

 caterpillars were as described by Mr. Grote. 



In a clump of pines whose trunks were from 6 in. to 1 ft. in diameter 

 many of the larger ones had been "boxed,'' i. e., inclined incisions had 

 been cut by the axe through the sap-wood in order to catch the pitch 

 exuding from the wound. Around the borders of these " boxes " the 

 galleries with both pupa skins and living larvae were plentiful. It appears 

 that the larva cannot penetrate the outer bark of other than quite tender 

 trees ; nor could I find evidence of their attacking the branches of larger 

 trees, although I had opportunity to examine such that had been felled 

 during the winter just past. Since this larva so readily takes advantage 

 of a wound, may it not stand related as a messmate to other borers ? At 

 both Chehtowaga and Hastings I found on trunks in the same neighbor- 

 hood masses of exuding pitch in which were larvae of an orange color, 

 attaining a length of .45 of an inch, remaining through the winter, and 

 going into pupa towards spring, as I found them in both conditions April 

 1 2th and early in May. .These larvae are those of one of the pine 

 zveenils. It appears to me that Zimmermani may and does take advantage 

 of these wounds by the weevil, as it does of those made by the axe. 



I have found the moth's galleries in both trunk and branch, both 

 above and below the whorls (usually below), sometimes completely 

 girdling the stem, thus killing the portion above ; in one instance I found 

 a gallery passing from one whorl to the one above. 



 



