182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



the " Ottawa Cow." Where trees have become diseased from any cause, 

 or where a fire has ravaged a pine forest and scorched and partially 

 destroyed the timber, or where logs after being cut have been allowed to 

 remain a season in the woods or in the mill yard — there these insects 

 gather and soon multiply to a prodigious extent. The mature insect is 

 over an inch in length ; the antennas of the male reaches the extraordinary 

 length of from two to three inches, while those of the female are shorter. 

 The female lays her eggs in the crevices of the bark, where the larvae 

 when hatched eat their way into the wood, burrowing extensive galleries 

 through the solid timber ; when mature they are large, white, almost 

 cylindrical, footless grubs. They pass their chrysalis stage within their 

 burrows, and the perfect insect on its escape eats its way out through the 

 bark. There are about, a dozen species in this family known to be de- 

 structive to pine. 



Most of the insects belonging to the family Bufirestidce may be recog- 

 nized by their brilliant metallic colors ; they have very short antennas 

 which are notched on one side like the teeth of a saw, and are often 

 hidden from view by being bent under the thorax. Chalcophora liberta 

 is one of the most destructive to pine trees, and its history is very similar 

 to that of the long-horned beetle just described, but the larva is of a dif- 

 ferent form, and has the anterior segments or rings of the body very 

 large, reminding one of the appearance of a tadpole. The perfect insect 

 is about three-quarters of an inch long, of a brassy or coppery hue, with 

 the thorax and wing-covers deeply furrowed by irregular longitudinal de- 

 pressions. 1 >r. Fitch enumerates twelve species belonging to this family 

 which are known to be injurious to pine.- Additional information in 

 reference to these beetles may be found in an article contained in the last 

 annual report of our Society, by Mr. J. Fletcher, of Ottawa. 



The cylindrical bark beetles, Sco/ytidce, are also a numerous family, 

 eight species of which are known to attack pine. The boring Hylurgus, 

 Hylurgus terebrans, is probably one of the commonest. This beetle is 

 about a quarter of an inch long, of a chestnut red color, thinly clothed 

 with yellowish hairs, and is found during the month of May. The larva, 

 which is a small yellowish white footless grub, bores winding passages in 

 every direction in the inner layers of the bark of the tree, and also 

 through the outer surface of the wood. 



In some parts of our Province pines are greatly injured and sometimes 

 killed by the attacks of a woolly bark louse, which covers parts of the 



