ADWSORY COMMITTEE ON PSYCHOLOGY 205 



closely affiliated with the Educational. It should deal with a large 

 range of subjects and materials, ha\dug broad social questions 

 before it. A new department of inquiry, called Criminology, has 

 recently been developed, priucipally in Italy and France, which 

 aims lo determine both the social and the individual causes and 

 conditions of crime. The value of such a science must depend 

 essentially upon the soundness of the psychology which it adopts. 

 Hitherto the psychology has been the debatable ground in the entire 

 movement, and criminology has remained the work of individual 

 theorists and observers, while waiting for authoritative collective 

 work upon a sufficiently large number of data. Besides the crim- 

 inal, other social classes should also be investigated, and the psy- 

 chologist has an unlimited field for work of great importance in 

 determining the conditions of what has been called "collective" 

 thought and action. The psychology of men in groups, such as 

 the lynching party and the street riot, the reasons for the difiFer- 

 ences between individual actions of individuals and the actions of 

 masses, the analogies between the performances of what is called the 

 human mob and those of minds of lower grades — the animals, human 

 defectives, etc. — these are all important problems. Such a bureau 

 should have at its disposal the resources of a statistical establish- 

 ment, and command well trained computers to treat the data which 

 are secured. Taken together with Educational Psychology, this 

 department of work makes, in the mind of your Committee, an 

 urgent claim upon the Carnegie Institution next to that of Zoolog- 

 ical and Anthropological Psychology. 



Third. There should be established a well equipped laboratory 

 providing for research in both experimental and physiological psy- 

 chology — what may be briefly called Laboratory Psychology. This 

 laboratory should be so equipped as to provide much of the appa- 

 ratus required in each of the separate bureaus mentioned. It should 

 be located in a building with the bureaus already mentioned. In 

 this way the expense of equipment would be considerably dimin- 

 ished. In order not to duplicate existing laboratories too much, 

 the equipment should grow^ gradually as special researches in all 

 the psychological departments may require. For this reason we 

 put this third in order. 



This department, called above that of Laboratory Psychology, 

 includes two distinct branches of research, both employing exact 

 methods and requiring an equipment of apparatus — Experimental 

 Psychology and Physiological Psychology. By experimental psy- 



