GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN EASTERN AvSIA. 28 1 



May 17 to June 6. Crossino; the mountains via Ping^-li and Ta-ning hsien to 

 Wu-shan on foot with coolie train; topographical survey, geological recon- 

 noissance of Paleozoic strata from Cambrian to Upper Carboniferous, 

 with studies of the physiography. 



June 6 to 8. By boat on the Yangtse River, Wu-shan to Ichang, with geological 

 notes ; discovery of glacial deposits of early Cambrian age. 



June 9 to 13. En route, by steamer on the Yangtse River, Ichang to Shanghai. 



June 14 to 20. At Shanghai. 



June 20 to July 15. En route, by steamer Mongolia, from Shanghai to San 

 Francisco. 



RESULTS OF RESEARCH. " 

 CONTRIBUTIONS TO GKOI.OGV OF THE PALEOZOIC ERA. 



Cambyian Strata and Faunas. — In Shantuug the succession of 

 strata of Cambrian age was established by definite measurements in 

 connection with topographical surveys, affording a complete record. 

 The work was carried out in two districts, seventy miles apart, and 

 variations of strata were thus determined from place to place. The 

 results are embodied in detailed geological maps on a large scale. 

 The observed facts show that the physical history of Shantung was 

 closely parallel in character to that of the Central Appalachian prov- 

 ince of North America, there being in each region a basal uncon- 

 formity with ver}' ancient metamorphic rocks, a sequence of clayey 

 and limey deposits several thousand feet thick, and a predominance 

 of limestone in the upper part of each series. 



From these Cambrian strata of Shantung collections of fossils were 

 secured which thoroughly represent the faunas of the province. 

 They comprise many forms found in North America and exhibit the 

 succession of genera typical of the Lower, Middle, and Upper Cam- 

 brian. Olenellus, the widespread genus universally found as the 

 forerunner of the varied life of the early Paleozoic, here occupies its 

 usual position near the base of the section. More complete collec- 

 tions and more perfect specimens may be secured in some future 

 work covering the whole province in detail, but such operations 

 were bej'ond the scope of this expedition, except at the cost of 

 abandoning other exploration. 



In the province of lyiaotung, southern Manchuria, according to 

 Baron von Richthofen, there are strata older than the Cambrian, 

 and it was thought possible that we might there find a pre-Cambrian 

 fauna. The plan of travel in China first included a survey of Liao- 

 tung for this purpose, but in consequence of the sensitive political 

 conditions in Manchuria detailed operations were given up, on the 

 advice of the American minister at Pekin. Nevertheless, Mr. 



