374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 



the indicative (or the imperative, or any form expressing a wish or ex- 

 hortation) in the apodosis ; — the same in both Greek and Latin. E. g. 

 Et TovTo TTpaa-a-fi, KoKms i'xfi, si hoc facit, bene est ; ?*/" he is doing this, 

 it is well. El Toi/To enpa^e, KaXas e^ei. (eix^" ^r ^o'X^^)i si hoc fecit, bene est 

 (erat or fuit) ; if he did this, it is (or was) well. 



2. Implying non-fulfilment of condition : — 



Past tenses of the indicative (with nV in the apodosis) in Greek ; im- 

 perfect and pluperfect subjunctive in Latin. E. g. 



Et TOVTO €7rpaa-(Te, KoXSis av tlx^v, si hoc faceret, bene esset ; if he were 

 doing this, it woidd he well. (Tlae same Greek may also refer to re- 

 peated or continued action in past time, when it will be equivalent to 

 si hoc fecisset, bene fuisset). Ei tovto eirpa^e, Ka\S>s av ecrxev, si hoc 

 fecisset, bene fuisset ; if he had done this, it would have been well. 



B. Future Conditions. 



1. Ifore vivid form: — simple supposition referring to future time. 



In protasis, — subjunctive (with lav) or future indicative (with ft) in 

 Greek, future or future-perfect indicative (sometimes present or per- 

 fect subjunctive) in Latin. In apodosis, future indicative (or some 

 other form denoting future time) in both Greek and Latin. E. g. 



'Eaj/ TOVTO TTpda-a-rj (or Trpd^rj), KoXas e^et, if he shall do this, it will be 

 well. El ToiiTo irpd^fis, koKcos e|fi, if he shall do this, it will be well. 

 (Both forms are equally good in Greek.) 



Si hoc faciet {or fecei'it), bene ei-it (sometimes si hoc facial, bene 

 erit), if he shall do this (or shall have done this), it will be well. 



2. Less vivid form : — 



In Greek, optative (any tense except the future) in both protasis 

 and apodosis (with av in apodosis) ; in Latin, present or perfect sub- 

 junctive in both protasis and apodosis. E. g. 



El TOVTO TTpaaaoi (or irpd^eie), Ka\ais av e^oi, si hoc faciat, bene sit ; if 

 he should do this, it would be tvell. Et tovto dpvrjdfirjv, -^(vbolfxriv av, si 

 hoc negem, mentiar ; if I should deny this, I shoidd lie. 



II. GENERAL SUPPOSITIONS. 



1. Referring to indefinite time (expressed in English by present), and 

 depending on a verb of present time which expresses repeated or custom- 

 ary action or a general truth. 



In Greek, subjunctive (with idv), rarely present indicative. In 



