OP ARTS AND SCIENCES : DECEMBER 6, 1864. 375 



Latin, present or perfect indicative, sometimes subjunctive; latter sel- 

 dom in Cicero and earlier writers. E. g. 



'EaV Tis avTov dStKJj, /xkteT, if any one {ever) ivrongs Mm, he (always) 

 hates hini. "Anas Xdyos, av aTrfj to Trpayfiara, fxaraiov ti (f)aiveTai, all speech, 

 if deeds are wanting, appears vain. Dem. 01. II. 21, 20. Si qui ex 

 reliquis excellit diguitate, succedit ; si sunt plures pares, . . . . de piin- 

 cipatu contendunt. Caes. B. G. VI. 13. See other examples, includ- 

 ing cases of the subjunctive, above, p. 370. 



2. Referring to indefinite past time, and depending on a past verb 

 which expresses repeated or customary action or a general truth. 



In Gi'eek, optative (with el), rarely past tense of indicative. In 

 Latin, past tenses of indicative, sometimes past tenses of subjunctive. 

 E.g. 



El Tis alrov dBiKOLij (or dSi/ciycreiev), e/xi'cret, if any one (ever) icronged 

 him, he (always) hated him. Si quis dignus erat describi, notabant. 

 Si quis prehenderetur, eripiebatur. See other examples above, p. 370. 



When conditional sentences are thus classified, it is easy to see the 

 close correspondence which appears in Greek between them and the 

 various forms of conditional relative and temporal sentences. Each 

 form will be stated, under the same designations which are used in the 

 preceding table. 



LA. 1. "O Ti exei. Soxrei, whatever he (now) has he ivill give. "O n 

 (iX^v iStoKev, whatever he had he gave. A fif] oiSa oiS' oio/xat eldevai, ivhat 

 I do not hioio I do not even think I know. Tiiese relative sentences 

 correspond in form to d n e'xet, et rt dx^v, and ei nva fir] olba. 



2. 'o TL dx^v edcoKeu av, whatever he had had he woidd have given ; 

 corresponding to el n elx^v, if he had had anything. Ovk av iirex^ipninev 

 irparreiv a pfj rjiriaTapeda, we should not then he undertaking (as we now 

 are) to do what we did not understand ; like el nva pf) fjuia-rdpeda, if we 

 did not understand certain things (the whole supposition of the sen- 

 tence being contrary to fact). 



B. 1. 'O Ti av exn Bacrei, whatever he shall have he will give ; like 

 edv Ti exu- 'Eireidav diaTrpd^copai Taiira, rj^co, ivhen I shall have accom- 

 plished this, I will come ; like lav nore 8iaTrpd^oopai. 'Qs av eiTrcu, 

 ireidupeda, let US obey as I shall direct ; like edv ncos etTrw. 



The future indicative, which is very common in ordinary protasis of 

 this class, very rarely occurs in these relative and temporal clauses. 



