THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 175 



Notiagria subcarnca. This species is also single-brooded ; the larvse are 

 found boring the stems of Typha early in the summer, forming galleries in 

 the stems; if may be readily distinguished from those of A. ohliqiiata by 

 the lighter color, often carneous, and by the fact that the last pair of 

 spiracles is not sub-dorsal. I have found it rarely in Scirpus. It appears 

 not to be so nearly aquatic, and probably does not pass from one plant to 

 another through the water, or mud. When the time comes for pupation 

 it prepares a pupa-cell above the water line and changes in the bottom of 

 the same, with the head upwards. It leaves the epidermis closing the 

 place of exit, and the freed moth breaks through this with its clypeal spine 

 when it escapes, leaving the pupa skin in the cell. The elongate pupa 

 has a very stout, blunt clypeal spine. The moth appears in August. It 

 is known to abound throughout Western New York, Central Michigan and 

 Eastern Wisconsin. 



3rd — The larva of a Ckilo (?) bores the stems of Schpus. Its habits 

 are similar to those of a Notiagriaii. It passes the winter in the old stems, 

 and after the new ones appear it bores into them, passes below the water 

 line, and lives low down in the stem. It is mature late in June, when it 

 forms a pupa cell with its place of exit above the water. The pupa 

 breaks up the epidermis left by the larva, covering the place of escape, 

 but does not force its way out before disclosing the moth, in a manner 

 similar to that of the ^gerians and others. It is enabled to do this by 

 means of clasps on the abdominal rings, and the sharp or pointed clypeus. 



Mr. Riley, in commenting on Dr. Kellicott's communication, said that 

 he had been greatly interested in the facts presented, and especially as to 

 the pupation of the No?iagria. As to the difference in the clypeal pro- 

 jection in the two pupse exhibited, he thought it might be sexual, as in all 

 cases where the clypeus was produced sexual difference occurred, the 

 greatest development being, so far as he had observed, not in the male 

 but in the female. He had recently called attention in the Naturalist to 

 the correllation between the produced clypeus and the horny, exsertile 

 ovipositor, and the fact that they indicated etidophytons larval habit. The 

 various methods of imaginal exit in stem-boring Lepidoptera, and the 

 structural modifications that resulted were most interesting to the philo- 

 sophical entomologist. In some species, as in the Nofiagriati here men- 

 tioned, the clypeal point on the pupa seemed merely a consequence of the 

 necessary point in the imago, the pupa remaining in its burrow and the 

 imago boring out. In others, as in Prodoxus decipiens, the similar 



