THE CANADIAN KN'IX)M0L0GI8T. 19 



happened to come near together, the ui)i.)cr one drooping. When 1 first 

 noticetl what was doing, the larva was busy in bringing the edges of the 

 two leaves on one side together. An liour later it had brought both sides 

 together, and soon after eat a large piece out of the lower leaf ^^vo days 

 later, it hatl mode another case, in this instance also finding and making 

 use of two Jiorizontal leaves. To reach these leaves it had gone down one 

 stem twelve inches and u]) the other as much. In this last case this larva 

 passed 4tli moult. Soon after, 1 took it out and laid it near the top of the 

 stem, turning up three leaves and pinning the edges of the middle one to 

 the other two, so leaving the up]jer side open. An hour later, the gap had 

 been closed by bringing the edges of the two outer leaves in. and all the 

 tips were drawn together. A fourth leaf had furnished a meal. Next 

 day the case was sjjoiled, half eaten up, and the larva had escaped, there 

 being no bag over the plant. But it was recovered and placed in a fresh 

 plant, and soon made a commodious case by bringing three or four of the 

 topmost leaves together. Two days later, it had suspended for pupation 

 from the apex of this case. This is the only instance in which I have 

 known one of these larv» to pujjate on the food-plant. 



Another day I brought in one which had passed its 4th (and last) 

 moult. At night it was resting quietly on the stem of the plant, but in the 

 morning was found shut in a roomy case, made by biting the stem near 

 the top, so that it fell over, though it was not separated, and this, with two 

 large leaves, were made into the case, l.ate that day the case had shriv- 

 elled, and the occupant being forced to leave had got on the outside of it. 

 But ]»resently it had brought down another leaf and bound it lengthwise 

 to the case and concealed itself thereunder. One day later pupation was 

 fi)und to have taken jiUice at the top of the bag. The behaviour of this 

 larva jjartly agrees with what Newman relates, so far as to the biting off 

 the ^tem and making a large case, and had not this shrivelled, perhaps the 

 pujia would have been formed within it. In my searches, I came on one 

 full-grown lar\-a concealed in exactly such a case as I have just described, 

 and had to regret afterwards that 1 had not tied a l)ag over it, in order to 

 see wlicther pupation occurred in the case or not. But, except in this one 

 instance, 1 have never seen that sort of a case,, nor have 1 ever found a 

 chrysalis sus])ended to the food plant, in or out of a case. Surely I would 

 have found chrysalids on the food plant if it was usual for the larvje to 

 pupate where they fed! Dr. Harris must be right when he says that the 

 larva •' searches for a place in which to transform." \'ery i>robably Mr. 



