20 THP: CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Newman is right also when he says that in England pupation occurs in the 

 cases, on the food-plant ; and the difference is caused by climate. 



I constantly came upon empty cases one-half and two-thirds eaten, and 

 it is plain that the larva in its later stages may occu]jy and devour two or 

 three per day. 



The summing up of these observations is this : the young larva, when 

 on Boehmeria, conceals itself very soon after it has left the egg, by bring- 

 ing the edges of its leaf together. It does not now go outside to feed, but 

 eats of the substance of the leaf, rejecting the framework. Here it remains 

 till after the first moult, and then migrates to a larger leaf and closes the 

 edges of it, after biting nearly in two the midrib and cutting two holes at 

 base, to cause the leaf to droop and the sides to come together more 

 easily. It feeds inside the case, at some distance from the tip end, and its 

 resting place is near the base. Here the second moult i)asses, and that 

 over, another move is made, rendered necessary by the case having been 

 much eaten. After the third moult, and usually not l^efore, the end of the 

 case is devoured, beginning at the tip, and thenceforward there is no 

 special protection to the larva against parasites or enemies. Finally, after 

 having built, occupied, and half de\ oured several cases, the larva goes 

 away from the food plant to jHipate. 



The one occupation of the larval life is to secure privacy, in the early 

 stages, with a prevision of nasty flies and spiders, and in all stages, with 

 a detestation of sunshine, daylight and bad weather : and to effect this 

 they labor long and industriously. Their cases once made, they may 

 enjoy a rest, and lie curled up and asleep probably, except when impelled 

 by hunger to arouse themselves. And they do not have to forage for a 

 meal as most animals do. but may devour of the walls of the houses they 

 live in. \\'hen there comes an end to this supply, they set forth to find 

 suitable leaves, out of which they shall construct other houses, to be eaten 

 in like manner. Even though they occupy these but an hour or two. and 

 they serve for but one hearty meal, they must be closed up as if a month's 

 residence was anticipated. 



We have no other l)uttertly in our fauna whose caterpillar has a habit 

 fjuite like that oi Aia/afitu \ Paphia Troglodyta Fab. ( Glycerin in Edw. 

 But.) would seem to come nearest to it. Some of the Graptas make shel- 

 ters in the nature of sun-screens or umbrellas, as G. Comma and G 

 Satyriis, not intended probably as a protection against enemies. 



(Primed February T4th, 1S83.) 



