THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 335 



different interpretations and different methods pursued by investigators 

 as to the manner of fixation of types. Professor Fernald in this work 

 stales that he has followed the hitest rules as prescribed by the highest 

 International Authorities, and adopted at the last meeting of the Zoological 

 Congress. 



Tliis work is the first of its kind that has ever been published in the 

 Microlepidoptera. As its title implies, it takes up one by one every 

 Tortricid genus known to the author, from the tenth edition of Linn?eus 

 down to the present day, and fixes and names the type species in each 

 genus. The fact that about three hundred and twenty generic names are 

 reviewed, indicates the magnitude of the task. Other authors have made 

 desultory attempts from time to time to fix types in the particular genera 

 in which they happened to be working, but it remains for the present 

 author to treat the entire family of Tortricidse as a comprehensive whole. 



As the author states, there will naturally be a difference of opinion as 

 to the flexibility or limitations of structure which constitute a genus. For 

 this reason the synonymy of genera which concludes the work will be 

 subject to change. This remark is emphasized by the fact that with two 

 exceptions the synonymy is exactly the same as the list of species under 

 the different generic headings in Staudinger & Rebel's 1901 Catalogue. 

 Very little work in the European Tortricidse has shown that the groups in 

 this catalogue are not well assorted, and are subject to very considerable 

 revision. 



The North American and European genera appear to have been 

 most conscientiously worked out, but it is apparent that little or no work 

 has been done in the Indian and Australasian genera, as all of these latter 

 are simply listed without criticism or indication that any attempt has 

 been made to associate them with the older genera. As m.any of the 

 Eastern genera have been erected on more or less unsubstantial secondary 

 sexual characters, some of them will certainly fall into the synonymy 

 when their structure is better known. 



These criticisms do not affect the value of the work, as it only 

 purports to fix the type of the genera, and in doing this it confers a vast 

 benefit on all workers in this group. 



The next step must be the publication of a work, containing plates 

 showing the venation and other structure of every type species named in 

 Professor Fernald's monograph, together with the synopsis of the characters 



