394 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 



kerosene emulsion, but the farmer cannot make use of these in his 

 cultivation of wheat, oats, corn, rye or barley; neither can he apply 

 them to insect pests on his broad acres of forage crops. 



In the same way, fighting the codling moth and San Jose 

 scale have developed the use of arsenical sprays, as well as those 

 of lime and sulphur, crude petroleum and other sprays and washes. 

 But none of these are of the slightest use to the farmer in his fields,. 

 no matter how valuable they may have been to the fruit grower. 



The farmer has, therefore, largely occupied the position of a 

 skeptical spectator, who, while seeing clearly the benefits derived 

 from applied entomology by his brother husbandman, the fruit 

 grower, the gardener and even the cotton planter, was seemingly 

 himself debarred from sharing in these benefits, because of the 

 measures being inapplicable to his crops, and, even if this were not 

 the case, his wide areas would render their use impracticable. 



Besides all this, the farmer has, himself, held somewhat the 

 position of a critical onlooker as the result of other causes. 



Before the advent of experiment stations, and even for some 

 time afterward, letters addressed to the members of university 

 faculties, complaining of the ravages of insects and asking relief,, 

 brought the actual farmer little consolation. The replies he re- 

 ceived to his appeals for relief were usually couched in termis to- 

 which he was unused and much of the text of these replies in a 

 language that he d^'d not understand. Moreover, the replies were 

 usually penned by men who had little or no practical knowledge 

 of agriculture, and thus there grew up between the two not only a 

 continually widenhig breach, but in many cases an absolutely in- 

 tolerant feeling on the part of each for the other. 



This was approximately the relative positions of the man from 

 the campus and the man from the farm, at the time of the establish- 

 ing of the Experiment Stations, though there were, of course, some 

 brilliant exceptions. Besides this, many, probably the majority, 

 of those who were afterwards to make the Experiment Stations a 

 success, were yet to be trained and given their practical experience 

 in combining the practice and science of agriculture; and it may be 

 stated that the science of entomology, for reasons pre\iously 

 given, has impressed the farmer the least favourably. Farmers 



