NOTES AND COOLIDGE. — ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY. 207 



TABLE IX. 

 The Equiv.\lext Condictivitv .\t TaOund CoxcENTRAXioys. 



XIII. The Change of Conductivity with the Concentration. 



It is a well-known fact that the Ma.ss- Action Law does not express 

 even approximately the change with the concentration of the dissociation 

 of salts and strong acids and bases, when this, in accordance with the 

 Ionic Theory, is calculated from the conductivity ratio A/Aq. This has 

 led to the proposal of numerous other function.'^,* some of them derived 

 inductively and others through hypothetical considerations, which have 

 for their purpose an accurate representation of the experimental conduc- 

 tivity values and the dissociation values deduced therefrom. The ex- 

 tended discussion of tlie matter has not yet led to any conclusion as far 

 as the theoretical explanation of the phenomenon is concerned. There 

 have, however, been discovered some simple empirical formulas which at 

 ordinary temperatures express the observed results satisfactorily. 



Those which contain only a single arbitrary constant have the follow- 

 ing form when expressed in terms of the equivalent conductivity (A) at 



* Compare Kohlrausch, Wicd. Ann., 26, 200 (1885) ; 50, 394 (1893) ; MacGregory, 

 ibid., 51, 133 (1894) ; Barmwater, Ztsclir. pliys. Cliem., 28, 134, 428 (1899) ; Sabat, 

 ibid., 41, 224 (1902); Muller, Compt. rend., 128, 505 (1899); Kohlrausch, Sit- 

 zungsber, preus. Akad., 44, 1002 (!900) ; Rudolphi, Ztschr. phys. Chem., 17, 385 

 (1895)van't HnfE, ibid., 18,300(1895); Kohlrausch, ibid., 18, 662(1895); Storch, 

 ibid., 19, 13 (1896); Bancroft, ibid., 31, 188 (1899) ; Jaiin, ibid., 37, 499 (1901) ; 41, 

 205, 288 (1902) ; Nernst, ibid., 38, 493 (1901). 



