THE CAXADIAX ENTOMOLOGIST 123 



with conical vertices, and the back of the head was yellow or fulvous ; 

 the spines of the second segment were rather longer than the rest and 

 projected forward horizontally over the head. After the fourth moult 

 there were some differences. Cybele became larger than aphrodite^ though 

 not varying much in other respects, the one measuring at maturity about 

 two inches in length, and the other about one and a half inches. But 

 diana, which was also large, like cybde, at the fourth moult, displayed 

 spines of immense size, nearly twice the length of those of the other two 

 species. These radiated from the central axis of the body, like spokes 

 from the hub of a wheel, the lower lateral row drooping so that the ends 

 were on the level of the feet. The spines of the second segment, four in 

 all, two dorsal and two lateral, were a formidable protection to the head. 

 It was a superb creature. 



The mortality had been so great among all these larvae that at last, as 

 they approached maturity, they were reduced to but three or four of 

 cybek, two of ap/wodife, and one of diaiia, and how to preserve these was 

 a matter of much anxiety. I arranged a keg with a high gauze bag over 

 the top of it, which bag was confined by the upper hoop, and in the keg 

 were planted violets every two or three days, as the leaves were consumed. 

 This plan seemed to answer v/ell, affording plenty of air, and I regretted 

 that I had not tried it sooner. The larvae were fond of resting high up 

 the sides of the bag, or on elevated sticks under it, coming down when 

 impelled by hunger. After remaining motionless for hours, they would 

 suddenly arouse themselves and start off in extreme haste, wandering all 

 round the enclosure, and when leaves were reached, would eat ravenously 

 and then climb up to rest again. I sometimes found them extended on 

 the earth, and no doubt they appreciated the coolness and dampness 

 of it. 



Only three cybele Avent into chrysalis. They spun buttons of white silk 

 and soon hung suspended, nearly straight, the anterior segments but little 

 bent, and so continued about two days, when the change to chrysalis 

 occurred. The first change was on the 19th of ]\Iay, and three months 

 and ten days from the awaking from hybernation. The chrysalis yielded 

 the imago in twenty-three or twenty-four days, and the whole period from 

 the laying of the egg to the imago was just thirty-eight weeks. One 

 aphrodite only fastened for chrysalis. This \vas on the 14th of ^lay, and 

 the change occurred on the 15th, an interval of about thirty-six hours 

 Unfortunately this insect died in chrysalis. 



