CLASSICAL ARCHEOLOGY 237 



tions which he found there. Wood conducted excavations at Eph- 

 esus for more than ten years, but not as an archeologist. His aim 

 was to find the great Temple of Artemis, and he cared little for the 

 instruction afforded by the smaller objects which might be found in 

 the course of the excavation. Few of these smaller objects came into 

 his hands. They seem to have been considered a sort of perquisite of 

 the workmen. He had not learned that a small object may be quite 

 as instructive, though not so imposing, as a large object. During a 

 large part of his excavations Wood was busy in his vocation as archi- 

 tect at Smyrna, and his explorations at Ephesus were left entirely 

 in charge of his foreman, who laid not even the slightest claim to 

 archeological knowledge, but was chosen simply for his skill in 

 keeping the laborers at their work. Similarly Schliemann under- 

 took his excavations on the hill of Hissarlik with no archeological 

 preparation or associate. He dug at first simply to prove the truth 

 of his theory that the hill of Hissarlik was the site of Homeric Troy. 

 He put his first great trench 40 feet deep and broad in proportion 

 through the upper part of the hill, exactly as a railway contractor 

 would make similar cutting for his tracks. He had at work 150 

 men with barrows and carts, but not a single archeologist to watch 

 or to advise. Of course some irreparable damage was done by the 

 destruction of ruins in the upper strata with no adequate observa- 

 tion and record of them. After finding the great treasure of gold 

 at Troy in 1873, and, still more, after discovering the wealth of gold 

 array in the tombs of Mycenae, Schliemann dug both as a treasure 

 seeker and to prove the truth of his theories, but hardly as an arche- 

 ologist. He seems to have been disappointed at not finding gold at 

 Tiryns, and to have been disposed to consider his excavations there 

 a failure until scholars of all lands declared his architectural discov- 

 eries to be more valuable than a mass of gold. At Mycenae his in- 

 terest in the treasures of the tombs was so overpowering that he 

 took small pains to preserve the tombs themselves and allowed a con- 

 siderable part of the ' ' sacred circle " to be destroyed. But he learned 

 to excavate by excavating, and attained considerable archeological 

 knowledge and skill. To him more than to all other persons is 

 due the extraordinary interest in modern archeological excavations, 

 but his work had no scientific character, in the modern sense, until 

 1882, when he secured the cooperation of Dr. Dorpfeld. General 

 di Cesnola, too, in digging in Cyprus, had had no more archeo- 

 logical training than Schliemann, and a large part of his work 

 (according to current report) was done for him, like the excavations 



