io97- M'Ardle. — Lichens of Lamb ay. m 



C. ranglferina, L— Heathy banks on hill. E. side near cottages, 

 not common. Var. sylvatica, L>— Abundant on heathy banks and 

 at the base of rocks in pasture. Var. alpestris, L,.— On heathy 

 banks, rare, Nov., 1906. 



Ramali n a calicaris, Fries.- On trees in plantation, Nov., 1906. 

 Var. fraxinea, L. — Very common on trees in the plantation, Nov., 

 1906. 



R. scopulorum, Ret/..— Plentiful on rocks near the sea, Nov., 1906. 



Peltlgera canina, L.— Frequent on heathy banks. 



Parmella saxatllis, L.— On rocks near the Seal Hole, Nov., 1906. 



P. physodes, L. — On trees in the plantation, Nov., 1906. 



P. olivacea, L, — On trees in the plantation, Nov., 1906. 



Physcia parietina L.— On trunks of trees, old pales, rocks, and walls, 



common. 

 Lecanora subfusca, L.— Oil the trunks of trees, old pales, &c, 



common, Nov., 1906. 

 L. pallescens, L. — On rocks on the east coast, Nov., 1906. 

 Graph is scripta, L. — On the bark of trees in the plantation, Nov., 



1906. 

 Sphaerophoron coralloides, Pers. — On rocks, common, Nov., 



1906. 



ORIGIN OF THE FAUNA AND FLORA. 



BY H. J. SEYMOUR and R. LLOYD PRAEGER. 



The age and origin of the fauna and flora of the island are very 

 important questions, the solution of which offers difficulties of 

 various kinds. Professor Carpenter and the writers have dis- 

 cussed this question together, from the zoological, geological, and 

 botanical standpoint respectively, and in the remarks which 

 follow the contributions of each towards the arriving at some 

 satisfactory explanation are included. That the bulk of the 

 present fauna and flora was neither sea-borne, wind-borne, nor 

 ice-borne appears to us probable, if not certain ; and we must, 

 therefore, look to a former lard-connection across which the 

 animals and plants could have passed from the mainland. That 

 this connection was not one which existed only prior to the 

 Glacial Period appears fairly established by the geological 

 evidence, which goes to show that during that time the heavy 

 ice of the Irish Sea glacier over-rode the whole island, moving 

 south-westward ; and it is difficult to conceive of the fauna and 

 flora as having persisted on the island through this time. 



