i9iS. CoLGAN. — Lusitania and Kerry. 21 



zootechnics (cattle-breeding) and — ophthalmology. The 

 personnel of the expedition included a major of engineers 

 and an infantry lieutenant in charge of camping arrange- 

 ments, a cook, scullions (adjutantes de cozinha), a bugler, 

 and a police force, consisting of an officer and six infantry 

 men. \Mld as West Ireland may be it seems clear that the 

 Serra da Estrella is a good deal wilder, or, at all events, 

 was so in 1881. No doubt the pastoral population of its 

 upper regions have little claim to be considered gentle 

 shepherds. 



The Botanical Report, which is a very full one, is made 

 up of three sections. The first gives a short sketch of the 

 progress of botanical research in the Serra ; the second 

 defines the vertical zones and describes their floral charac- 

 teristics ; and the third forms a catalogue, with localities, 

 of all the species which ascend above the lowest zone. 

 The precise limits covered by the survey, though nowhere 

 definitety stated, appear from the various localities 

 mentioned to have included both slopes of the Serra from 

 Coimbra to the summit, or, roughly, 720 square miles. 

 This corresponds very closely with the combined areas of 

 Districts L, II., III., and IV. of Mr. Scully's recently 

 published Flora of County Kerry, and the very full details 

 given both by Mr. Scully and by Dr. Henriques, especially 

 as to vertical range of species, enables us to compare the 

 flora of the extreme south-west mountain region of Ireland 

 with that of the northern mountain region of Portugal, 

 lying some 12 degrees of latitude further southward. As 

 might have been expected, the continental and more 

 southern region has the richer flora, the Serra da Estrella 

 giving a total of 1,230 phanerogams and vascular crypto- 

 gams to a South Kerry total of 750. ^ 



Dr. Henriques divides his area into six vertical zones, 

 the three lower agrarian, the three upper alpine. These 

 zones which are determined by their characteristic plants 

 are not of equal extent. They vary from 100 to 700 metres, 



\ The Characeac, which are not included in the Portuguese report, 

 have been excluded from the South Kerry total. 



