256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY 



works which filled the shelves of their great libraries. If it had not 

 been Klaproth it must soon have been somebody else. 



In 1837, Edouard Biot, published a series of papers, or rather a 

 single paper which was scattered through several numbers of the 

 "Journal Asiatique." 12 It was based mainly on information derived 

 from the Chinese work by Ma-twan-lin, one of the authorities made 

 use of by Klaproth, and although an interesting contribution towards 

 knowledge of the subject, Biot's paper did not contain much that was 

 new. 



In 1842, Baron S. de Chaudoir published at St. Petersburg, a 

 numismatical work on the coins of the Orient. 13 This volume which is 

 folio in size, is illustrated by sixty plates on which are depicted up- 

 wards of one thousand coins. Fourteen pages are given to a history 

 of the paper-money of China, and engravings of the face and back 

 of a one kwan Ming note are to be found in the plates. Statistics 

 as to the amount of paper-money which had been emitted at certain 

 specified dates are given by Klaproth and Biot. Chaudoir adds to 

 these a table of the annual emissions of Mongol notes from 1260 to 

 1330. Chaudoir relied upon an interpreter for the translation of the 

 Chinese works which he cited or quoted, among which that of Ma-twan- 

 lin was conspicuous. His work is a distinct addition to the knowledge 

 on the subject acquired by students up to that time, one might almost 

 say up to the present time. 



In 1847, Robert Montgomery Martin, published a work in two 

 volumes, entitled "China, political, commercial and social," etc. 

 In the first volume on pages 174 and 175, he gives a perfunctory ac- 

 count of Chinese paper money, based apparently on Klaproth. 



In 1848, Frederick Edwyn Forbes published "Five Years in China," 

 in which he incorporated a brief, unsatisfactory description of the 

 Chinese paper money episode. 



The chronological position of the publications of Martin and Forbes, 

 entitles them to notice, even though their contributions to knowledge 

 upon the subject were not of much value, for at the time when they 

 wrote, English writers had not taken up the subject and whatever 

 was contributed by those gentlemen, no matter how small the amount, 

 was a challenge to the attention of students. 



Henry Dunning MacLeod in his Dictionary of Political Economy, 



12 Memoire sur le Systeme Monetaire des Chinoise." 



13 Recueil de monnaies de la Chine, du Japan, de la Coree, d'Anam et de 

 Jave au nombre de plus de mille, Precede d'une introduction historique sur 

 les monnaies. St. Petersbourg (1842). 



