44 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [438 



in parallel lines of similar patterns. Thus figures 473 to 485 are pat- 

 terns of C. tranquebarica similar to those shown in figures 486 to 494, 

 excepting 481 and 483 which are different species closely related to C. 

 tranquebarica. In figures 486 to 490 are shown a series representing 

 the typical patterns in C. scutellaris; it will be noted that these parallel 

 those of C. tranquebarica with most reduced markings. Also figures 

 491 to 496 show the pattern of the Great Basin group of species and 

 varieties to which C. fulgida is closely related. These parallel some of 

 the patterns of C. tranquebarica and are in turn paralleled by those 

 of other species. Concentric extension of the white likewise character- 

 izes the patterns of the group. Figures 497 to 501 show a series of 

 patterns in C. pulchra which are roughly parallel to those of C. tranque- 

 barica and very closely parallel to those of C. scutellaris. The com- 

 monest pattern of this species is, however, figure 498 ; 499 and 501 

 being rare and collected only near Alpine, Texas. 



Figures 503 to 505 show the series of patterns of C. longilabris 

 which parallel the patterns of other species shown above and below. 



Figures 506 to 518 show a remarkable and long series of patterns 

 of purpurea parelleling the entire tranquebarica series without the 

 addition of other species. The entire series is however different than 

 the other series especially different from the tranquebarica series be- 

 cause of the short humeral lunule which always stops with spot A2.3 

 while that of C. tranquebarica is made up of A2 and B3 in oblique 

 combination (see Fig. 49, PI. V). Figures 522 to 527 show the markings 

 of the C. sexguttata group which parallel those of the other groups quite 

 well throughout a series of five types. Figures 528 to 536 show a series 

 of types belonging to five closely related species. The patterns at the 

 extreme right show extension of the white which appears to have occur- 

 red as a tendency taken at any point in the series represented; thus 

 figures 520 and 521 belong with 488 and to the same species. Figure 

 519 belongs with 531 and represents a different type of extension. 



While a general parallelism is shown by the series of patterns, 

 there is also a characteristic series of small differences belonging to the 

 usual types of most species. This indicates that specific characters 

 in the color patterns are matters of detail and any definitely directed 

 specific or racial tendencies would have to be based on a consideration 

 of such details rather than the general plan of the pattern and the 

 general parallelism shown in the group of figures just discussed. "While 

 specific patterns are often very closely parallel, one who is very familiar 

 with them can identify the species from a single elytral pattern in the 

 vast majority of cases. 



Considering the pattern of the rest of the group, represented in 

 figures 473 to 537, C. formosa and its varieties is distributed on the 



