405] COLORS OF TIGER BEETLES— SHELFORD 11 



The color ontogeny work was done on material dug in the larval 

 stage at Glencoe, Illinois (C. limbalis) ; at Gary, Indiana, (C. tranque- 

 barica) ; at Miller, Indiana (C lecontei) ; at Lyons, Illinois (C. pur- 

 purea) ; at East Chicago, Indiana (C repanda) ; Chicago vacant lots 

 (C punctulata) ; and Suman, Indiana (C. sexguttata). These larvae 

 were reared in a greenhouse in which the temperature was about 4 to 8 

 degrees C. higher than the out-door soil temperature. This accelerated 

 the appearance only a little and did not show modification of color or 

 pattern. The larvae were reared in sand, either in cylindrical lamp 

 chimneys, setting in screen bottomed boxes or in screen bottomed box . 

 When the majority of larvae and pupated all were removed to small 

 square watch glasses, lined with filter paper and moistened with 2% 

 H 2 2 . These were piled up so as to cover each other and kept in a 

 cool room, and watched closely to secure as many as practicable at the 

 time of emergence. The elytral material was nearly all killed in a picro- 

 sulfuric acid killing fluid and cleared and mounted in balsam, but 

 some was preserved in glycerine jell}- direct with good results. They 

 were preserved at different intervals after emergence. 



The material for experiments was collected from the same places 

 as that for ontogeny study and was subjected to high and low tem- 

 peratures in an apparatus to be described later. 



The writer is indebted to Dr. C. B. Davenport, the late Professor 

 C. 0. Whitman, Professor C. M. Child, and Professor W. L. Tower 

 for suggestions during the first four years of the work (1903-1907). 

 He is further indebted to the University of Chicago for funds amount- 

 ing to $400 and to Professor and Mrs. F. R. Lillie for funds amounting 

 to $200 to cover expenses connected with the study and collection of 

 the group. The Graduate School and Department of Zoology of the 

 Univesity of Illinois provided for later stages of the work. 



Acknowledgments are due Miss Annette Covington for making the 

 water color drawings of the ontogenetic stages and the other chan^ - 

 in color during the life history. Mr. K. Toda made the drawings of 

 the geographic races shown in color and also the stippled drawings of 

 ontogeny. 



The writer is especially indebted to Professor A. A. Michelson 

 o£ the University of Chicago for making physical determinations of 

 the colors of Cicindela. The courtesies connected with the study of 

 collections were numerous. The following were especially kind in 

 facilitating the study of collections in their charge: Dr. Samuel Hen- 

 shaw, Museum of Comparative Zoology; Dr. Schwarz, U. S. National 

 Museum; Dr. Henry Skinner, Philadelphia Academy: Mr. William 

 Beutenmuller, American Museum ; Mr. Gilbert I. Arrow and Mr. C. 

 J. Gahan, the British Museum ; Professor Poulton and the late Mr. 



